LanaoDelNortePeople

 To All Citizens Of Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao (LUZVIMINDA):

Greetings.

Citizens might vote to ratify a Cooperative-Federal Constitution in the near future.

How can the voters choose the correct decision between “YES” or “NO” Votes if they do not have any knowledge about Cooperative-Federalism?

Here is a Question-and-Answer document that introduces the Cooperative-Federal form of government.

The draft constitution that may be voted in the near future is also included.

Thank you very much for your cooperation.

From Cooperative-Federalism Movement

(ATTACHED DOCUMENT)

CFNTP

COOPERATIVE FEDERALISM NON-TAGALOG PARTY 

MOTTO OR BATTLE-CRY:

 “It is in accordance with the will of God that the seventy percent (70%) Non-Tagalog majority shall unite to prevent any possible abuse from the few Rich Tagalog minority and to end the poverty. The allies of the CFNTP are the Poor Tagalogs; and the CFNTP will give them equal share from the fruits of success.”

OPPONENTS: Rich Tagalogs

ALLIES: Poor Tagalogs 

CFNTP MEMBERS: Aeta, Aklanon, Asi (Bantoanon), Bicolano, Capiznon, Cuyonon, Cebuano, Chabacano, Gaddang, Ibaloi, Ibanag, Ibatan, Ifugao, Igorot, Isneg, Itawis, Ilongot, Ilocano, Hiligaynon (Ilonggo), Kalinga, Kankana-ey, Kapampangan, Kinaray-a, Maguindanaon, Manobo (Obo), Maranao, Pangasinan, Romblomanon (Ini), Sambal, Sangil, Sinama, Surigaonon, Sorsoganon, Tausug, Waray-Waray, Yakan, and other Non-Tagalogs (If Any)

OBJECTIVES OF THE CFNTP:

OBJECTIVE 1.  Fairly and tactically take the big wealth that goes to the Rich Tagalogs and use the collected big wealth for FREE EDUCATION and other benefits for the Poor Tagalogs and for the members of the CFNTP as well as for all other people in the country.

Question 1: How can the CFNTP fairly and tactically take the big wealth that goes to the Rich Tagalogs for free education and other benefits for the Poor Tagalogs and for the members of the CFNTP as well as for all other people in the country?

Answer: Establish Government-Owned Corporations (GOCs) for all kinds of products and services then support the products and services of the GOC and boycott the products and services of the Rich Tagalogs. For Example: 1) Buy the GOC-Beer and do not buy the San Miguel Beer; 2) Buy the GOC-Gin but do not buy the Ginebra San Miguel; 3) Watch the GOC-TV and do not watch the ABS-CBN (There are many other examples. All products and services: Feeds, sugar, toothpaste, soap, shampoo, battery, cars, motorcycles, recreation sites, restaurants, fertilizers, kitchen utensils, cement, galvanized iron, fencing wires, glass, rubbing alcohol, radio broadcast, malls, bus transport lines, sea transport lines, air transport, pawnshop, mailing and delivery express, banking, mining, construction, electricity, household water, bottled water, and all other products and services.).

It is still better if the Government is able to produce all kinds and services through the experts who are citizens inside the country. If the Government-Owned Corporations (GOCs) do not have technology or machineries, they can assign scholars to study on libraries or in the internet or even send them to the other country that uses the technology; and the Government can struggle to design or build machineries or even purchase machineries from other country. But for those products that have franchise like Coke, there is no other way to have business but to hold a franchise of Coke. The first option is to get franchise without touching the existing local Private holders of franchise from foreign companies (example: establish Coke-GOC Partnership without touching the existing local Private holder of franchise but the products in such Coke-GOC Partnership need to have a tag or label that they came from Coke-GOC Partnership so that the people can see the difference). If the first option is not possible and the Government is not able to do anything due to the existing local private holders of franchise, the new Cooperative Federalism Constitution allows the Government its right to take the position for the franchise after paying just compensation and make Coke-GOC partnership, McDonald’s-GOC partnership, Wendy’s-GOC partnership, Honda-GOC partnership, GE-GOC partnership, and many others. This can maintain the good relationship with other countries since the foreign companies get the same profits and they are more protected by the Government and the people; and keep explaining to the foreigners about the poverty inside the country that necessitates the nationalization of the position of holder for the affected franchises because it is crucially very important to maintain strong diplomatic relationship with USA, UK, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, Italy, Germany, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg, France, Japan, and other developed countries without jeopardizing the country since the country will surely and undoubtedly collapse once it gets isolated since there is no more bountiful jobs and immigration abroad, no more military protection, no more technology access, no more sale on machineries, and no more donations during typhoons or calamities. Any commentator for this shall study what happened to those hostile countries that were isolated or boycotted in the international community. Study Burma, Vietnam, Cuba, the former Soviet Union, and others. (Here is a related comic philosophical dialogue: 1} Government says, “I’m competing fairly and my opponent is standing in my throat. What will I do? Arrrgh…! 2} Spectator says, “Do what is fair and legal to save your suffering people who are dying in hunger.”).

The new Cooperative Federalism Constitution makes a very important set of changes in the Article XII (NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PATRIMONY) of the 1987 Constitution because there are defects in Article XII (NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PATRIMONY) of the 1987 Constitution that are the main reasons why the Poor Tagalogs and all other poor people in the country are suffering and getting poorer and poorer while the Rich Tagalogs are becoming richer and richer and enjoying their luxurious lives since the Section 3, Article XII (NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PATRIMONY) of the 1987 Constitution allows the Private corporation or association to possess ONE THOUSAND HECTARES through lease and allows the Citizen of the country to possess FIVE HUNDRED HECTARES through lease instead of pushing the Government to actively take control of those lands to produce income through establishing government-owned corporations and the Article XII of the 1987 Constitution does not push the Government to establish government-owned corporations for all kinds of products and services, making the Rich Tagalogs get the big profits from the country’s business arena rather than being taken by the Government for the benefit of the Poor Tagalogs and all other poor people in the country as well as for all other people in the country; and, also, there is no provision in the Article XII of the 1987 Constitution that enables the Government to take the Rich Tagalog’s possession of franchise from foreign companies for public use upon paying fair or just compensation if such possession of franchise jeopardizes, inhibits, or suppresses the economic progress of the country.

Question 2: How can the CFNTP establish Government-Owned Corporations (GOCs) for all kinds of products and services if it does not have the control of the government?

Answer: First, form the national assembly or national council of the CFNTP. Invite all Non-Tagalog politicians, activists, and professionals to join the CFNTP. If possible, invite the top leaders of the Aeta, Aklanon, Asi (Bantoanon), Bicolano, Capiznon, Cuyonon, Cebuano, Chabacano, Gaddang, Ibaloi, Ibanag, Ibatan, Ifugao, Igorot, Isneg, Itawis, Ilongot, Ilocano, Hiligaynon (Ilonggo), Kalinga, Kankana-ey, Kapampangan, Kinaray-a, Maguindanaon, Manobo (Obo), Maranao, Pangasinan, Romblomanon (Ini), Sambal, Sangil, Sinama, Surigaonon, Sorsoganon, Tausug, Waray-Waray, Yakan, and other Non-Tagalogs (If Any).

Second, elect the CFNTP standard bearers for President, Vice-President, Senators, and Congressmen. The Non-Tagalog politicians that are not standard bearers may later become Cabinet Secretaries, Ambassadors, Official Advisers or Consultants, or other high positions. The list of standard bearers may not be released to the public due to legal reasons and may also be revoked or modified if and when necessary. The purpose of early selection is to remarkably boost the morale of the standard bearers and the other members of the CFNTP for a more energetic and hyper-active advancement.

Third, hire CFNTP members to go to the Non-Tagalog barangays and let all the Non-Tagalog people to sign the CFNTP membership form to become members of the CFNTP. The expenses for the said hired personnel may be reimbursed to the financers from the funds owned by the CFNTP in the future. In this setting, the CFNTP gets a Loan from the Financers; and the Loan shall be fairly paid later even with proper interest. If possible, all the country’s Non-Tagalog Citizens in the whole world must become members of the CFNTP for the maximum strength or size.

Fourth, let the CFNTP members in the Non-Tagalog barangays elect their representative for the municipal level. Municipal representatives shall elect their representative for the provincial level as well as elect their standard bearers for Mayor, Vice-Mayor, and Councilors. Provincial Representatives shall elect their representative for the regional level as well as elect their standard bearer for Governor, Vice-Governor, and Board Member

Fifth, campaign using the CFNTP motto or battle-Cry: “It is in accordance with the will of God that the seventy percent (70%) Non-Tagalog majority shall unite to prevent any possible abuse from the few Rich Tagalog minority and to end the poverty. The allies of the CFNTP are the Poor Tagalogs; and the CFNTP will give them equal share from the fruits of success.” This is a very powerful word that can get all the votes of the seventy percent Non-Tagalog majority and even get the votes of the majority of poor Tagalog people since the Poor Tagalogs will also receive enormous benefits from free education and other benefits after the establishment of all the necessary Government-Owned Corporations (GOCs) that can produce enormous wealth for the poor people. Tell the CFNTP Members to vote only the CFNTP Candidates to take all the twenty-four seats in the Senate, take the positions of the President and the Vice-President, take all the positions in the Cabinet, take all the positions in the Supreme Court, take the majority positions in the House of Representatives, and take all the positions of the Ambassadors in order to have the power to establish the Government-Owned Corporations (GOCs) for all kinds of products and services that can produce a very large amount of money for free education and other benefits or end the poverty in the country.

Sixth, keep explaining to the CFNTP Members every now and then that poverty will continue if they do not help the CFNTP since the big wealth will keep on going into the hands of the few Rich Tagalogs. Keep telling the CFNTP Members to vote only the CFNTP Candidates to take all the twenty-four seats in the Senate, take the positions of the President and the Vice-President, take all the positions in the Cabinet, take all the positions in the Supreme Court, take the majority positions in the House of Representatives, and take all the positions of the Ambassadors in order to have the power to establish the Government-Owned Corporations (GOCs) for all kinds of products and services that can produce a very large amount of money for free education and other benefits or end the poverty in the country.

Seventh, after taking control of the Government, organize a regular election inside the CFNTP to allow the poor members of the CFNTP to directly choose the standard bearers for the National Government such as the President, Vice-President, Senators, or other National Leaders for the next election. It is very important to allow the majority poor members of the CFNTP to directly choose the standard bearers for the National Government because this prevents the present National Leaders of the CFNTP from becoming misbehaving selfish oligarchs since National Leaders need to behave so that the poor majority members of the CFNTP will choose them again as the standard bearer for the CFNTP for the next election. AFTER THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT IS TOTALLY TAKEN BY THE CFNTP, IF THE MAJORITY POOR MEMBERS OF THE CFNTP ARE NOT DIRECTLY CHOOSING THE STANDARD BEARERS FOR THE CFNTP NATIONAL LEADERS FOR THE NEXT ELECTION, AND IF THE PRESENT INCUMBENT NATIONAL LEADERS WHO WERE THE PREVIOUS STANDARD BEARERS AND STILL THE STANDARD BEARERS ARE MISBEHAVING AND ACTING LIKE SELFISH OLIGARCHS WHO ONLY CARE FOR THEIR OWN SELVES, THE POOR MEMBERS WILL REBEL AND PROTEST THEN THE CFNTP WILL COLLAPSE THEN POVERTY IN THE COUNTRY WILL CONTINUE. HOWEVER, THE MAJORITY POOR MEMBERS SHALL NOT DIRECTLY VOTE FOR THE LOCAL STANDARD BEARERS OF THE CFNTP INSIDE THE REGION OR STATE BECAUSE THIS CAN CAUSE CONFLICTS BETWEEN THE POOR MEMBERS INSIDE THE REGION AND THIS CAN DESTROY THE CFNTP. The CFNTP members in the Non-Tagalog barangays shall elect their representative for the municipal level. Municipal representatives shall elect their representative for the provincial level as well as elect their standard bearers for Mayor, Vice-Mayor, and Councilors. Provincial Representatives shall elect their representative for the regional level as well as elect their standard bearer for Governor, Vice-Governor, and Board Member; and so on. There is no hope for the poor people of LUZon-VIsayaz-MINDAnao archipelago without the COOPERATIVE FEDERALISM NON-TAGALOG PARTY (CFNTP) so the Members and other concerned and supportive people shall not allow the CFNTP to collapse.

Question 3: Will the possible “smugglers” just exist in the future to keep on affecting the livelihood of the poor citizens of the country like the local sugar cane planters or local sugar producers?

Answer: No. The new Cooperative Federalism Constitution will make a more intense and tighter campaign against the real smugglers and prioritize the consumption on the products of the local producers first before consuming the products of foreign producers through the foreign policy on the foreign companies want to operate business in the country.

Question 4: Will the CFNTP use the Constitution or Law to unjustly take the wealth from the Rich Tagalogs?

Answer: No. The CFNTP will compete fairly like an ordinary businessman since the Government-Owned Corporations (GOCs) for all kinds of products and services that will be pushed by the CFNTP into existence will act like an ordinary business competitor with fair competition; and no person can blame the Members of the CFNTP and the supportive Poor Tagalogs if they will buy the products and services of the GOCs then boycott the products and services of the Rich Tagalogs.

It is also fair for the Government to totally prohibit lease of land from the Government because the Government is still the rightful owner of those lands involved in the lease and also because the Government need the lands to establish wide farms in the whole country that will be managed by the Government-Owned Corporations (GOCs) to create many jobs for the poor and to produce income for the benefit of the majority people who are the poor people as well as the rest of the population. NO MORE LEASE FROM THE GOVERNMENT BECAUSE THE GOVERNMENT NEEDS THEM NOW.

Also, it is fair for the Government, if the economic development of the whole country is jeopardized or inhibited or suppressed due to the presence of strongly established Private corporations or associations and if there is really no other remedy, to take their franchise from a foreign company that operates business inside the country for public use for free education and for other benefits for the people (See the Article XVII {NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PATRIMONY} of the Cooperative Federalism Constitution attached to this document.).

Question 5: Is it excellent to provide free education with no any payment in public schools and with free miscellaneous, free transportation through school buses and mini-buses, free food in school, free pencil and paper and other learning materials, and free school clothing but with a four-semester extension in every level and one-course limit in college after the establishment of the necessary Government-Owned Corporations (GOCs) that can produce very large amount of money?

Answer: Yes. If all the children are in school, they will have a lesser exposure to the criminal elements in streets who can teach them how to steal, rob, vandalize, and do other crimes; and this may lessen crime rate. If all the children eventually get diplomas or degrees, they may be able to get a good job abroad or inside the country and they may contribute to the economy by buying more of the GOC products or even donating to the poor or to the victims of calamities. If the children are taught in the new academic subjects provided by the new cooperative federalism constitution such as the Health And Medicine and the Invention And Innovation, they are like given a free Health Care in the future because they will be like doctors and nurses in the future who know how to heal themselves and know how to prevent harm on their health and on the health of others; and they will be taught to work to contribute to the industrialization of the country; and it is necessary to implement free education with no any payment from the student or parent since the very poor parents used to be scared to send their children to school due to expenditures. The new Cooperative-Federalism Constitution tells that the Government shall accept any optional voluntary payment from the student or parent but no public school or public school teacher shall ask any student or parent to give voluntary payment.

Here is a more detailed list of the uses of funding free education in public schools to the extent that the student will not pay anything:

(1)    It lessens crime rate because if the students are in school, they may have lesser exposure to criminal elements who can teach them how to steal, rob, vandalize, and do other crimes; and if they have a good job in the future abroad or inside the country by using their diplomas and training from school, they will be free from poverty that may pull them closer to committing crime since those who cannot patiently do the act of getting food or profitable things from garbage cans or do very hard labor to survive may resort to committing criminal acts like stealing, robbing, cheating, shoplifting, pickpocketing, prostitution, and other criminal acts in order to survive;

(2)    It is a tricky way to provide additional income for the country by giving the children knowledge, training, and diplomas then sending those interested graduates to work abroad then they will send large amounts of money in the country for their families or relatives; and such entry of money from abroad gives income for the country through taxes and more consumption of the GOC products and services;

(3)    It is also a tricky way to provide additional income for the country by giving the children knowledge, training, and diplomas to increase the number of those Citizens who are capable of going to work abroad to increase the income from the Government-Owned Corporations who give loans to the capable Citizens who want to go abroad but no money to use;

(4)    It ends the repeated poverty in the family generations of the poor people in the country because it pushes the children to undergo schooling then get good jobs after schooling and work abroad or inside the country;

(5)    It gives knowledge and skill to the people to enable them manage the economy in the most productive possible way as well as the knowledge and skill to manage and protect all the other facets or parts or fields of the country that include the maintenance of peace and many others;

(6)    It provides the children knowledge and training in Health and Medicine and this is like giving the people free Health Care since the learned children will eventually know how to prevent sickness or disease, give first aid, and other things about Health and Medicine; and

(7)    It boosts the industrialization of the country especially if the children are taught about Invention and Innovation.

Question 6: Will the very large amount of money taken from the successful operations of the Government-Owned Corporations (GOCs) just go into the hands of Corruptors in the Government for their personal benefit rather than go to free education and other benefits for the poor people?

Answer: No. The new Cooperative Federalism Constitution is designed to establish an active and tactical elite task force that is actively supported by the police, military, and other bodies to guard its funds against graft and corruption.

Question 7: What will the Government do if the Private corporations want to sell their business like the SMB, Ginebra, or ABS-CBN to the Government before they get bankrupt since the Government-Owned Corporations will possibly conquer them through the solid support from the seventy percent (70%) majority of the total population?

Answer: If the Private corporations want to sell their business like the SMB, Ginebra, or ABS-CBN to the Government, the Government will buy them with the correct price so that there is no more need to establish new corresponding businesses.

Before establishing new corresponding businesses, the new Cooperative-Federalism Government that has the solid support from the seventy percent (70%) majority of the total population shall ask first if the Private corporations want to sell their businesses to the Government because once they get bankrupt due to defeat by the solid support from the seventy percent (70%) majority of the total population, it is a bigger loss.

OBJECTIVE 2. To avoid being isolated or boycotted by other countries by carefully maintaining a strong diplomatic relationship with the developed countries like USA, UK, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, Italy, Germany, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg, France, Japan, and other developed countries as well as all other countries like UAE, Bahrain, Dubai, Singapore, and others without jeopardizing the country since the country will surely and undoubtedly collapse once it gets isolated since there is no more bountiful jobs and immigration abroad, no more military protection, no more technology access, no more sale on machineries, and no more donations during typhoons or calamities.

Question 1: Is it better to make the country isolated or boycotted by other countries by totally prohibiting all Foreign Capitalists to come inside the country to operate business and by showing hostilities to other countries?

Answer: No. Once the country is isolated or boycotted by other countries, many people will suffer and the development of the country will become stagnant or very slow (Any commentator for this answer shall study what happened to those hostile countries that were isolated or boycotted in the international community. Study Burma, Vietnam, Cuba, the former Soviet Union, etc.).

Question 2: Is it better for the Government-Owned Corporations (GOCs) to make partnership with the Foreign Capitalists in operating business than to drive them all out from the country?

Answer: Yes. Because the country may be isolated or boycotted if the Government is hostile to the Foreign Capitalists and the Government under the new Cooperative Federalism Constitution will make sure that the money produced from the operation of the Foreign Capitalists goes to the Government but not to any Private corporation or Citizen through a fair competition, or legal action with the use of eminent domain if necessary.

The Foreign Capitalists are already inside the country and there is no other choice than to make partnership with the Foreign Capitalists in operating business or to drive them all out from the country. This is a crucial thing that may greatly harm the country if the leaders entertain their anger rather than reason (Any commentator for this answer shall study what happened to those hostile countries that were isolated or boycotted in the international community. Study Burma, Vietnam, Cuba, the former Soviet Union, etc.).

Question 3: What is the meaning of the term “military protection” from foreign allies?

Answer: The meaning of the term “military protection” from foreign allies is not only the physical armed force but also the psychological bluff that drives or scares the enemy or hostile country away, thereby preventing bloodshed. The psychological bluff as a protection from the allies like USA, UK, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, Italy, Germany, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg, France, Japan, and other developed countries as well as all other countries is even more important than the actual physical armed force that they can give because it prevents fighting that causes deaths, injuries, devastation of cities, and other damages.

Question 4: Is the Visiting Forces Agreement with the Joint Military Exercises a threat to the whole country?

Answer: No. Because there is no permanently staying or no permanently operating foreign military base in the country; and as long as there is no permanently staying or no permanently operating foreign military base in the country, there may be no abuses around the military base and there may be no target inside the country if in case the foreign ally is engaged with a war.

There shall be no permanently operating foreign military base in the country because it is very dangerous to have a target of a warhead especially the nuclear warhead inside the country.

Regarding the issue on the foreign nuclear submarines, the country may only allow the entry of the non-nuclear submarines like the diesel-powered ones but may only allow those super-powerful submarines in case of actual combat to defend the country from foreign aggression.

Also, the new Cooperative Federalism Constitution will not allow any nuclear weapon or warhead inside the country; and the foreign allies do not necessarily bring their nuclear weapons or warheads in the country.

Question 5: Is the Visiting Forces Agreement with the Joint Military Exercises a threat to the sovereignty of the country?

Answer: No. Because there is no other country that is allowed to make any action inside the country without the consent of the People through the Government and it is the People through the Government has the right and power to drive away any foreign element that comes inside the country. 

Question 6: Is the strong diplomatic relationship or alliance with USA, UK, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, Italy, Germany, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg, France, Japan, and other developed countries a threat to the sovereignty of the country?

Answer: No. Because there is no other country that is allowed to make any action inside the country without the consent of the People through the Government and it is the People through the Government has the right and power to drive away any foreign element that comes inside the country. 

Question 7: Is it possible to maintain a strong diplomatic relationship or alliance with USA, UK, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, Italy, Germany, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg, France, Japan, and other developed countries after using eminent domain on the franchises from foreign corporations or after taking by force, upon paying the correct or fair or just compensation, the franchises held by the Rich Tagalog Private corporations or Rich Tagalog Citizens for public use like for example the Coca-Cola franchise?

Answer: Yes. Because:

(1)    The profits of the foreign companies are not affected since there is only a change of holder of the franchise or change of retailer;

(2)    The businesses of the foreign companies will become more protected by the Government and the people;

(3)    The foreign companies may possibly prefer to give the franchise to the Government-Owned Corporation because if the foreign company like the Coca-Cola does not want to give the franchise to the Government-Owned Corporation who has the solid support from the seventy percent of the total population of the country, there will surely be a bigger loss to the foreign company like Coca-Cola since the Government-Owned Corporation may invite another foreign company to be supported by the seventy percent of the total population of the country; and the foreign company like Coca-Cola will have “no more” costumers since they will all go the other foreign company (Regarding the issue on the entry of foreign sugar into the country by Coca-Cola, if Coca-Cola wants to continue operating business in the country and keep producing big income, then it shall utilize first the local sugar products inside the country because it is written in the new Cooperative-Federal Constitution that it is the policy for the foreign companies that give franchise for production and selling inside the country like the Coca-Cola that the raw materials or input products inside the country shall be consumed first before importing products like sugar. There are two options: either bring the mixing facilities into the country or take the raw local sugar abroad for mixing then bring the pre-mixed sugar back to the country. If the Coca-Cola does not want to meet these fair and rightful demands, then the Government may have partnership with other foreign companies.);

(4)    The Government will make sure that there will always be a correct or fair or just compensation every time that the Government takes a franchise economic progress for public use and it will never take a franchise if such franchise does not jeopardize, inhibit, or suppress the economic progress of the country;

(5)    The Government-Owned Corporations (GOCs) will invite more of those foreign companies that do not jeopardize the economic progress or general welfare of the whole country in the bottom line to operate inside the country through having partnership with the corresponding Government-Owned Corporations but not through the Private sector who will only gain money for their luxury while many people in the country are dying in hunger;

(6)    The Government will keep explaining to the international community that the income from the taken franchises by force after paying fair compensation will go primarily to free education to end the poverty in the country.

OBJECTIVE 3. Prioritize the maintenance of the regular full implementation of free education in public schools after the establishment of Government-Owned Corporations (GOCs) for all kinds of products and services. The full implementation of free education means that in public schools of kinder or preschool, elementary, high school, and college with four-semester extension limit in every level and one-course limit in college, there will be free tuition, free miscellaneous or utilities, free paper and pencil and notebook and other learning materials, free uniform, free transportation by school buses or mini-buses, and free food in school; and there shall be no demanded expenditures or projects from the student by any teacher. It is necessary to prohibit all public school teachers to ask any student to pay or spend money for a school project or any expenditure because the expenses in school may be the reason why the very poor parents will not send their child to school. The Government will be the one to provide visual aids, experiment gadgets, exhibits, and other learning materials; and if the Government cannot provide at the moment, the teacher shall focus on theories but shall never ask any student to spend money or effort to provide visual aids, experiment gadgets, exhibits, and other learning materials. There will be a strict prohibition on teachers to avoid asking the student to spend money or effort to provide visual aids, experiment gadgets, exhibits, and other learning materials. However, the Government will accept any optional voluntary payment from the student or parent; but no public school or public school teacher shall ask any student or parent to give voluntary payment. The act of the Government in accepting optional voluntary payment from any student or parent is helpful because the voluntary payments will provide additional funds for the free education of those who do not have any money. It is an act of synergy. Any student who is already outside the free education program due to repeated or prolonged unreasonable delinquency shall be required to pay the low-cost regular payments for the public school.

Question 1: Is the free education with no any payment or expenditure from the student that is pursued by the CFNTP an act of foolishness because many people can afford the education of their children?

Answer: No. Because, the new Cooperative-Federalism Constitution tells that the Government shall accept any optional voluntary payment from the student or parent but no public school or public school teacher shall ask any student or parent to give voluntary payment; and it is necessary to implement free education with no any payment from the student or parent since the very poor parents used to be scared to send their children to school due to expenditures, thereby repeating the poverty in the family generations. The act of the Government in accepting optional voluntary payment from any student or parent is helpful because the voluntary payments will provide additional funds for the free education of those who do not have any money. It is an act of synergy.

Education shall not be delayed or suppressed or taken for granted because it is necessary for economic development.

Question 2: What are the uses of funding free education in public schools to the extent that the student will not pay anything?

Answer: These are the uses of funding free education in public schools to the extent that the student will not pay anything:

(1)    It lessens crime rate because if the students are in school, they may have lesser exposure to criminal elements who can teach them how to steal, rob, vandalize, and do other crimes; and if they have a good job in the future abroad or inside the country by using their diplomas and training from school, they will be free from poverty that may pull them closer to committing crime since those who cannot patiently do the act of getting food or profitable things from garbage cans or do very hard labor to survive may resort to committing criminal acts like stealing, robbing, cheating, shoplifting, pickpocketing, prostitution, and other criminal acts in order to survive;

(2)    It is a tricky way to provide additional income for the country by giving the children knowledge, training, and diplomas then sending those interested graduates to work abroad then they will send large amounts of money in the country for their families or relatives; and such entry of money from abroad gives income for the country through taxes and more consumption of the GOC products and services;

(3)    It is also a tricky way to provide additional income for the country by giving the children knowledge, training, and diplomas to increase the number of those Citizens who are capable of going to work abroad to increase the income from the Government-Owned Corporations who give loans to the capable Citizens who want to go abroad but no money to use;

(4)    It ends the repeated poverty in the family generations of the poor people in the country because it pushes the children to undergo schooling then get good jobs after schooling and work abroad or inside the country;

(5)    It gives knowledge and skill to the people to enable them manage the economy in the most productive possible way as well as the knowledge and skill to manage and protect all the other facets or parts or fields of the country that include the maintenance of peace and many others;

(6)    It provides the children knowledge and training in Health and Medicine and this is like giving the people free Health Care since the learned children will eventually know how to prevent sickness or disease, give first aid, and other things about Health and Medicine; and

(7)    It boosts the industrialization of the country especially if the children are taught about Invention and Innovation.

Question 3: Why is it very important to prohibit all the teachers from asking the student to spend money or effort to provide visual aids, experiment gadgets, exhibits, and other learning materials even if the Government cannot provide at the moment those visual aids, experiment gadgets, exhibits, and other learning materials that it should provide?

Answer: Because the act of any teacher of asking the student to spend money or effort to provide visual aids, experiment gadgets, exhibits, and other learning materials is a big possible reason why the very poor parents will not send their child to school, thereby causing the repetition of their family’s poverty in the next generation since the child will become illiterate again who cannot get a good job.

Question 4: What is the proper action if the Government cannot provide at the moment those visual aids, experiment gadgets, exhibits, and other learning materials that it should provide?

Answer: Focus on theories. Draw on the black board. If there is no chalk and if the teacher does not want to spend money, burn wood outside the school then use charcoal as chalk. Teachers shall also teach the students how to create fire by using only sticks and dried leaves as well as fire prevention.

The new Cooperative-Federalism Constitution provides a strict prohibition on public schools and public school teachers to ask the student to spend money or effort to provide visual aids, experiment gadgets, exhibits, and other learning materials because the parents may be afraid to send their children in school if there are lots or demands or collection of payment from the public school or public school teacher.

Question 5: Why is it that the regular full implementation of free education in public schools may not yet start before the establishment of Government-Owned Corporations (GOCs) for all kinds of products and services?

Answer: Because the source of funds for the free education may necessarily come from the income of the Government-Owned Corporations (GOC’s) for all kinds of products and services since the funds from the abolished redundant seats of Party-List Representatives and other abolished redundant offices that may not be enough to fund the free education in the whole country.

In times of economic availability, there will be a full implementation of free education in public schools in kinder or pre-school, elementary, high school, and college with a limit of four semester extension or delay in each of the elementary, high school, and college levels, and a limit of only one course in the college level; with free tuition and miscellaneous or utilities, free feeding in school, free transportation through school buses or mini-buses, and free school uniforms. All expenditures will be funded by the Government and there will be a strictly implemented law that all public school teachers are prohibited to ask any student who is still under the free education program to spend money or effort to provide visual aids, experiment gadgets, exhibits, and other learning materials for his own self or for the school. The Government will accept any optional voluntary payment from the student or parent; but no public school or public school teacher shall ask any student or parent to give voluntary payment. The act of the Government in accepting optional voluntary payment from any student or parent is helpful because the voluntary payments will provide additional funds for the free education of those who do not have any money. It is an act of synergy. Any student who is already outside the free education program due to repeated or prolonged unreasonable delinquency shall be required to pay the low-cost regular payments for the public school.

OBJECTIVE 4. To prevent the creation of laws that gives unhealthy or malicious physical harm or moral harm on any person or the community basing from the conventional standard set by competent authorities like doctors, licensed psychiatrists, or other licensed experts inside the country. The new Cooperative-Federalism Government will establish a body composed of doctors, licensed psychiatrists, or other licensed experts to set the conventional standard for the things that give unhealthy or malicious physical harm or moral harm on any person. In this Cooperative Federalism Constitution, quality control is maintained because the Federal Government has the power to invalidate a law if it does not conform to the Federal Law especially the Constitution (See Preemption in USA Law.). The conventional standard set by competent authorities like doctors, licensed psychiatrists, or other licensed experts inside the Federation shall be followed in invalidating any harmful or causing moral damage on the people such as the issues on dangerous drugs, prostitution, abortion, euthanasia, divorce, same-sex marriage, nudity in beaches or public places except the Oblation Run that has covered face and held only within few seconds in one year as a ceremonial act, gun law, cloning, gender change technical qualifications, and others.

Question 1: Will the country become a place of drug addicts, prostitutes, and immoral people because the federalization will legalize marijuana, prostitution, and many other bad things like the debated morality of the legalization of marijuana in some places in America?

Answer: No. Because the new Cooperative-Federalism Constitution will not allow the creation of a law that gives unhealthy or malicious physical harm or moral harm on any person or the community basing from the conventional standard set by competent authorities like doctors, licensed psychiatrists, or other licensed experts inside the country; and any law passed inside the country that gives unhealthy or malicious physical harm or moral harm on any person or the community basing from the conventional standard set by competent authorities like doctors, licensed psychiatrists, or other licensed experts inside the country will be invalidated by the Federal Government in accordance with the command of the new Cooperative-Federalism Constitution for quality control on laws under the principle of preemption (See Preemption in USA Law. It is not written in the Constitution of USA that they shall prohibit marijuana but it is written in the new Cooperative-Federalism Constitution that marijuana shall be prohibited in the country by reason that it can give unhealthy or malicious physical harm or moral harm on any person as may surely be agreed by the licensed experts in the whole world.).

The new Cooperative-Federalism Government will establish a body composed of doctors, licensed psychiatrists, or other licensed experts to set the conventional standard for the things that give unhealthy or malicious physical harm or moral harm on any person.

                OBJECTIVE 5. Finish the conflict with the militant Muslims in Mindanao by establishing a new constitution that provides for a Cooperative Federalism that supports the State Of Bangsamoro with two (2) Senators, with their own State Supreme Court that works in accordance with the Federal Law under the principle of preemption, with one Federal Executive that works in the Federal Executive Council to speak like a “President” in behalf of the people of the State Of Bangsamoro, and all the illegal Muslim fighters shall be invited to become regular soldiers that undergo professionalization seminars with regular salaries and benefits (All of the Regions in the country will have their own set of Senators every election depending on the number of population, own State Supreme Court, and one representative to the Federal Executive Council every election. See the draft constitution attached in this document.).

Question 1: Is there a danger that the Cooperative Federalism would only break the country into pieces or destroy the country?

Answer: No. Because Cooperative Federalism binds the country into a very strong federal union since the Federal Government takes the full control over the military and the police, full control over the central bank, full control over the foreign policy, full control on the invalidation of the laws created by the States that do not conform to the Federal Law under the principle of preemption, prohibits double or redundant taxation or allows only the States to tax the taxable ones that are not yet taxed by the Federal Government or those that are outside the jurisdiction of the Federal Government, has the quality control on the creation of laws in the whole country or maintain well-considered laws, and fairly settles conflicts between States.

Cooperative Federalism is very different from the terrifying Dual Federalism. Dual Federalism, wherein the Federal Government may not be able to invalidate an oppressive or harmful law created by the State Legislature and may have double or redundant taxation, may deteriorate the whole federation, may create chaos, and even cause civil war or downfall. The worst is Confederation in which the State or Region is given all of the powers and this can cause ill-considered laws, chaos, and even, civil war.

Question 2: Can the country afford for the newly-formed State Supreme Courts, Federal Executive Council, additional Senators, and the new regional offices?

Answer: Yes. Because after the establishment and successful operation of Government-Owned Corporations for all kinds of products through the strong cooperation of the CFNTP Members, there will be enormous amount of money to fund the additional positions and expenses in the new government as well as to fund the loans or foreign debts; and the number of the members of the Federal Supreme Court will be fairly lessened since their work is also lessened due to the creation of the State Supreme Courts, the number of the members of the State Supreme Courts will only be limited into five and with a salary that is very close to that of the RTC Judge and they do not have pork barrel fund, the Federal Executive Council will work as the Cabinet or the present Cabinet are just rearranged into a powerful Federal Executive Council, and there will only be rearrangements in the current positions in the regional level so there are no remarkable additional expenses; also, the CPA-Lawyers who will finalize the new Cooperative-Federalism Constitution will make adjustments in the number of positions as well as the amount of salaries if it is necessary to compensate for the scarcity of funds; and they may also postpone the application of the new positions even many years after the ratification of the new Cooperative-Federalism Constitution depending on the calculations vis-à-vis the projected income from the Government-Owned Corporations (GOCs) that will be prioritized after the CFNTP has taken full control of the Government and as well as the other sources of funds of the Government.

The priority after the ratification of this Cooperative Federalism Constitution is the establishment of Government-Owned Corporations (GOCs) for all products and services that will be the source of additional funds for the salary and expenses for the additional offices in the government. So the application of the newly-formed State Supreme Courts, Federal Executive Council, and the new regional offices may also be postponed may be twenty-four years after the ratification of the new Cooperative Federalism Constitution or more.

If the additional offices created by the establishment of Cooperative Federalism Constitution are applied immediately after the ratification of the Constitution, there might be financial shortages.

However, the Government can fill any deficit through loans that will be paid when the Government-Owned Corporations (GOCs) already gained momentum in producing income for the Government.

Question 3: Are the different Regions capable of handling their own Supreme Courts that will be called as “State Supreme Courts”?

Answer: Yes. Because there are many lawyers in all regions of the country and there will be preemption or invalidation of “wrong regional laws” if the Regional Government that will be called as the State Government does not conform to the Federal Law.

Question 4: Is it better to make any arising illegal Muslim fighter into a regular soldier with uniform, regular salaries, and other benefits and with regular professionalization seminars than to simply kill all the arising illegal Muslim fighters?

Answer: Yes. Because the act of killing the Muslim fighters may cause big possibility of the revenge of their relatives especially their brothers and sons and this revenge will cause more Military expenses to fund the very expensive bullets and explosives to be burned; the perpetuation of the armed conflict may also cause the destruction of multi-million infrastructures or properties in the location, death of fighters and civilians, suppression of tourism in the area, suppression of GOC businesses in the area, suppression of the economic development of the area, suppression of education of children in the area, and inconvenience of the civilians in the area. In accordance with their expertise and location, the Muslim Fighters who were formerly illegal shall be assigned to the Task Force Tourism Security with offices close to the tourist spots; and they shall undergo regular professionalization seminars involving political science, federal unity strategies, economic progress strategies of the government, their duties and rights as regular soldiers, and other things that may be considered as useful.

Question 5: Does the Government have sufficient budget to make any arising illegal Muslim fighter into a regular soldier with uniform, regular salaries, and other benefits and with regular professionalization seminars?

Answer: Yes. Because the Government can lessen the hiring of soldiers from the other parts of the country in order to produce funds to pay any arising illegal Muslim fighter into a regular soldier with uniform, regular salaries, and other benefits and with regular professionalization seminars; and also because the population of able-bodied Muslims in the country is remarkably small as compared to the total population so there are not too many illegal fighters to possibly arise.

Question 6: Does the new Cooperative Federalism Constitution affect the salaries and funds of the District Representatives in the House Of Representatives?

Answer: No. The salaries and funds of the District Representatives will remain the same and they will still have their Pork Barrel Fund; and they will remain focused on the maintenance and development of their respective districts or constituents.

In order to produce more funds for the maintenance and development or the countryside or undeveloped rural areas, the Non-Tagalog District Representatives in the whole country may help the CFNTP to win the elections to completely take control of the National Government to be able to establish the Cooperative Federalism Government that can surely improve the economy of the whole country through the Government-Owned Corporations (GOCs) for all kinds of products and services that can surely harvest very large amount of money for free education and all other benefits for the poor people.

                OBJECTIVE 6. Finish the armed conflict with the Communist Party and its New People’s Army by establishing a new Cooperative Federalism Constitution that is designed to provide the total prohibition of Haciendas and take the big wealth that goes to the few Rich Tagalog Capitalists and give it to the poor people through a fair and tactical creation of Government-Owned Corporations (GOCs) for all kinds of products and services then support the products and services of the GOC then the CFNTP members will boycott the products and services of the Rich Tagalog Capitalists; and, in addition, finish the conflict through an invitation to make the New People’s Army members to become regular members of the Government Armed Forces and undergo regular professionalization seminars involving political science, federal unity strategies, economic progress strategies of the government, their duties and rights as regular soldiers, and other things that may be considered as useful. In accordance with their expertise and location, the New People’s Army members who became regular members of the Government Armed Forces shall be assigned to the Anti-Illegal Logging And Anti-Poaching Task Force with offices in remote barangays; also, in addition, the new Cooperative Federalism Constitution is designed to invite the Communist Party to cooperate in the peace process and become legal and allowed to freely participate in the elections and all other political activities.

Question 1: Is it fair and feasible to prohibit the Haciendas in the country?

Answer: Yes. It is fair to prohibit the Haciendas in the country because the country has a limited land territory and the action of the Government to take all the lands that had been leased to private corporations or associations and to Citizens of the country is a very important step for economic improvement that can upgrade the lives of the poor people since the Government will use them to establish wide farms for sugarcane, corn, farmed grass for cattle, wheat and barley if possible, pineapple, and other crops under the modernization of agricultural machineries and technology in order to create many jobs in the entire country and produce large income for the benefit of the poor people as well as the rest of the population; and it is feasible to prohibit Haciendas because the CFNTP politicians as supported by the CFNTP members that roughly comprises the seventy percent of the total population in the country can totally take over the entire National Government enabling them to successfully work for the ratification of the Cooperative Federalism Constitution the totally prohibit lease from the Government, making the end of Haciendas.

Question 2: Is it fair to convert the National Government into a Super-Greedy Capitalist who takes all the money that supposed to go to the few Rich Tagalog Capitalists through the tactical establishment and use of the Government-Owned Corporations (GOCs) for all kinds of products and services then support the products and services of the GOC then the CFNTP members will boycott the products and services of the Rich Tagalog Capitalists?

Answer: Yes. Because the very large amount of money taken by the National Government that turned into a Super-Greedy Capitalist goes to the poor people for free education and all other benefits; while the money taken by few Rich Tagalog Capitalists only goes to themselves and enjoy luxurious life while the poor people are suffering and becomes poorer and poorer. The conversion of the National Government into a Super-Greedy Capitalist that gives its very large profit to the poor people is a Great Victory for the poor people.

Question 3: Is it better to make the willing New People’s Army members to become regular members of the Government Armed Forces and undergo regular professionalization seminars involving political science, federal unity strategies, economic progress strategies of the government, their duties and rights as regular soldiers, and other things that may be considered as useful than to just simply pardon them and live as ordinary civilians? 

Answer: Yes. Because it can be a strong incentive to convince the New People’s Army members end the armed conflict since they will have a regular livelihood. The perpetuation of the armed conflict may cause more Military expenses to fund the very expensive bullets and explosives to be burned; the perpetuation of the armed conflict may also cause the destruction of multi-million infrastructures or properties in the location, death of fighters and civilians, suppression of tourism in the area, suppression of GOC businesses in the area, suppression of the economic development of the area, suppression of the education of children in the area, and inconvenience of the civilians in the area.

Question 4: Is it better to make the New People’s Army members to become regular members of the Government Armed Forces and undergo regular professionalization seminars involving political science, federal unity strategies, economic progress strategies of the government, their duties and rights as regular soldiers, and other things that may be considered as useful than to just simply kill all New People’s Army members? 

Answer: Yes. Because a peaceful way can finish the armed conflict without any losses, whereas the use of violence can cause many losses and can only prolong the armed conflict since the use of violence can make many people to rebel and join the New People’s Army and become bigger and bigger in number.

Question 5: Does the Government have sufficient budget to make the New People’s Army members into regular soldiers with uniform, regular salaries, and other benefits and with regular professionalization seminars?

Answer: Yes. Because the Government can lessen the hiring of soldiers from the other parts of the country in order to produce funds to pay the expenses of the New People’s Army members who were transformed into regular soldiers with uniform, regular salaries, and other benefits and with regular professionalization seminars; and also because the population of the New People’s Army members in the country is remarkably small as compared to the total population so there are not too many additional newly converted soldiers to pay.

Question 6: Is there a military threat in the act of the Government that lessens the hiring of soldiers from the other parts of the country while hiring or converting the New People’s Army members and the illegal Muslim Fighters into regular soldiers?

Answer: No. Because the numbers or firepower of the combined New People’s Army members and the illegal Muslim Fighters cannot match to topple down the force of the whole Government Armed Forces; and after the conversion of the New People’s Army members and the illegal Muslim Fighters into regular soldiers with uniform, regular salaries, and other benefits, there will be massive professionalization seminars to convert them into diplomats or high-profile diplomatic officers rather than combatants or warriors.

The combined New People’s Army members and the illegal Muslim Fighters are not even one-tenth of the population of the entire Government Armed Forces; and the Government Armed Forces have tanks, fighter planes, helicopters, battle ships, and support from foreign allies if necessary.

The members of the New People’s Army and the illegal Muslim Fighters just kept on existing and growing because the negotiations have not yet been finally settled; and the new Cooperative Federalism Constitution will give the maximum gift or benefit or offering that the Government may possibly give without jeopardizing the whole country.

OBJECTIVE 7. To abolish or ban the presence of Party-List Representatives in the House of Representatives due to redundancy or duplication of office and give the money that used to go to the abolished seats to free education. All redundant offices other than the presence of Party-List Representatives in the House of Representatives shall also be abolished and give the money that used to go to all abolished offices to free education.

Question 1: Why is it necessary to abolish or ban the presence of Party-List Representatives in the House of Representatives?

Answer: Because the presence of Party-List Representatives in the House of Representatives is a redundancy or duplication of exactly the same offices and exactly the same constituents from the different districts since the duty of a District Representative is to represent all the people in his district even those that can be considered as underprivileged or “marginalized communities”.

The act of duplicating the same office for the same constituents from the different districts is like saying that the District Representatives are not representing all their constituents. There shall be respect for the District Representatives.

Also, there is a big injustice if there are Party-List Representatives in the House of Representatives because the marginalized communities who also live from the different districts are represented twice in which they are represented first by the District Representative and secondly by the Party-List Representatives while the other co-equal people are only represented once.

And worst, the Government is spending a very large amount of money to fund the presence of Party-List Representatives in the House of Representatives that is an unfair redundancy or duplication of exactly the same offices and exactly the same constituents from the different districts.

Question 2: Why is it that the presence of the Party-List Representatives in the House of Representatives is a violation against the integrity of the law of the country?

Answer: Because the presence of Party-List Representatives in the House of Representatives violates the principle on the equality before the law as also provided by Section 14, Article II, of the 1987 Constitution since the so-called underprivileged or “marginalized communities” are represented twice in which they are represented first by the District Representative and secondly by the Party-List Representatives.

All Citizens shall be represented only once, or in an equal way, in the House of Representatives in order to uphold the equality before the law.

Question 3: Do the underprivileged or marginalized sectors deserve to have extra representation in the House of Representatives through the Party-List Representatives since they are underprivileged or marginalized?

Answer: No. Because the District Representatives have all the responsibility to represent all their constituents even those who are underprivileged or marginalized; and the extra representation violates the integrity of the law of the country since the presence of Party-List Representatives in the House of Representatives violates the principle on the equality before the law as also provided by Section 14, Article II, of the 1987 Constitution since the so-called underprivileged or “marginalized communities” are represented twice in which they are represented first by the District Representative and secondly by the Party-List Representatives while the other co-equal people are only represented once.

Question 4: Why should the Supreme Court of the Government under the 1987 Constitution recommend the abolition of the seats of the Party-List Representatives in the House of Representatives?

Answer: Because the presence of the Party-List Representatives in the House of Representatives is a violation against the integrity of the law of the country since the presence of Party-List Representatives in the House of Representatives violates the principle on the equality before the law of all human beings as also provided by Section 14, Article II, of the 1987 Constitution since the so-called “marginalized communities” are represented twice in which they are represented first by the District Representative and secondly by the Party-List Representatives while the other co-equal people are only represented once; and all Citizens shall be represented in an equal way in the House of Representatives in order to uphold the equality before the law.

Question 5: Is it fair and feasible to abolish the seats or presence of the Party-List Representatives in the Congress then give the money that used to go to the seats of the Party-List Representatives to free education?

Answer: Yes. It is fair to abolish the seats or presence of the Party-List Representatives in the Congress then give the money that used to go to the seats of the Party-List Representatives to free education because they are redundant offices and the District Representatives shall have the responsibility to represent all his constituents even those that belong to the marginalized sector; and it is feasible to abolish the seats or presence of the Party-List Representatives in the Congress then give the money that used to go to the seats of the Party-List Representatives to free education because it is possible to unite the seventy percent (70%) Non-Tagalogs in the whole country to take control of the Government by taking all the twenty-four seats in the Senate, the positions of the President and Vice-President, take the majority seats in the House of Representatives, and even take all the seats in the Supreme Court.

OBJECTIVE 8. Intensive support for Citizens who want to work abroad after the establishment of Government-Owned Corporations (GOCs) for all kinds of products and services through the establishment of Government-Owned Corporations that lend money for all the expenditures or processes in going abroad with an interest that is fair for both the person and the Government-Owned Corporations, order for the Ambassadors and employees abroad to search for job opportunities for the interested Citizens in the country, and the establishment of diplomatic relations to all developed or advanced countries to possibly find job opportunities. Those who are misfortunate abroad who went home without enough money to pay their loans may be helped in working in Government-Owned Corporations.

Question 1: What is the use of intensive search for job abroad and giving loans to the Citizens in going abroad?

Answer: These are the uses of intensive search for job abroad and giving loans to the Citizens in going abroad:

(1)    Government income from the loans of Citizens in going abroad;

(2)    Government income from the money from abroad that enters the country;

(3)    Improve the standard of living of the people; and

(4)    Lessen the unemployment rate of the country, which can indirectly lessen crime rate since the extremely hungry people who do not want to do the unhealthy life of scavenging in garbage cans may steal food or steal money to buy food, rob, snatch, cheat people, do extortion, do prostitution, and other crimes in order to survive. 

OBJECTIVE 9. Establish a high-income Cooperative Federalism Government that can pay all the expenses for the country, can pay all the loans or foreign debts, and eventually earn surpluses that will be reserved to solve any future economic crisis in the country as well as to establish a new Cooperative Federalism Government that will boost the industrialization in the country.

Question 1: Is it feasible to pay all the expenses for the country, pay all the loans or foreign debts, and eventually earn surpluses?

Answer: Yes. It is feasible to pay all the expenses for the country, pay all the loans or foreign debts, and eventually earn surpluses if the new Cooperative Federalism Government can establish Government-Owned Corporations (GOCs) for all kinds of products and services and the members of CFNTP and hopefully the Poor Tagalogs will support the sealed or marked products and services of the GOC’s and boycott the products of the Rich Tagalogs for the sake of the whole country; and because it is feasible that all the Non-Tagalogs will become members of the CFNTP and a strongly united members of the CFNTP can fully control the whole country because the population of the whole country is composed of more or less seventy percent Non-Tagalogs. The seventy percent Non-Tagalog majority can drive the country to earn money for the Poor Tagalog and for all CFNTP Members.

Question 2: What is the expected action of the Rich Tagalogs regarding the movement to collect all the money from the country through the Government-Owned Corporations (GOCs) for all kinds of products and services?

Answer: The expected action of the Rich Tagalogs is to destroy the formation or establishment of the Cooperative Federalism Non-Tagalog Party and the Cooperative Federalism Government in order to protect their businesses so that they will keep on getting large amount of money from the country and enjoy luxurious life while the Poor Tagalogs and all other poor people in the country are suffering and getting poorer and poorer.

But there is nothing that the Rich Tagalogs can do if all the Non-Tagalogs become Members of the Cooperative Federalism Non-Tagalog Party and maintain strong union. Because the Non-Tagalogs are the seventy percent majority. The seventy percent majority can drive the country whatever they want to do to get all the money for the Poor Tagalogs and for all the poor people in a tactical, lawful, humane, fair way that is full of justice and peace.

Nobody can stop the fully-grown CFNTP other than death. The power of the fully-grown CFNTP is irresistible and unstoppable since the fully-grown CFNTP can easily take all the twenty-four seats in the Senate, take the seat of President and Vice-President, and take the majority of the seats in the House of Representatives and because the members of the fully-grown CFNTP that is composed of all Non-Tagalogs in the country, who can exercise the power of initiative and referendum and even revolution but revolution is not an option, composes the seventy percent of the total population in the whole country that may also get the support of the Poor Tagalogs because the CFNTP is trying to produce money for the Poor Tagalogs and all other poor people in the country. If the fully-grown CFNTP is unstoppable, then economic progress in the country is also unstoppable after all the Non-Tagalogs become cooperative members of the Cooperative Federalism Non-Tagalog Party (CFNTP). After all the Non-Tagalogs become cooperative members of the CFNTP, the fully-grown CFNTP will fully take control of the National Government then debate and ratify the Cooperative Federalism Constitution; then establish Government-Owned Corporations (GOCs) for all kinds of products and services; then the members of CFNTP and hopefully the Poor Tagalogs will support the sealed or marked products and services of the GOCs and boycott the products of the Rich Tagalogs for the sake of the whole country; then the big income from the successful GOCs will pay the foreign debts and pay the governmental expenses; then there will be surpluses or earnings that will become bigger and bigger and will be used to solve any economic crisis in the future.

Question 3: May a misbehaving leader or set of leaders inside the CFNTP be able to totally terminate the transformation of the Cooperative Federalism Constitution into a ratified Constitution by reason of enjoying the capture of all the twenty-four seats in the Senate, the seat of the President and Vice-President, the entire Cabinet, the entire Supreme Court, and the majority of all the seats in the House of Representatives?

Answer: No. Even the CFNTP will collapse when there is a misbehaving leader or set of leaders inside the CFNTP, there will always be a strong honest leader in the future who will put the CFNTP back into life and complete the ratification of the Cooperative Federalism Constitution into a fundamental law of the country.

Question 4: In what way the new Cooperative Federalism Government can boost the industrialization in the country?

Answer: The new Cooperative Federalism Constitution to be ratified by the strongly unified members of the CFNTP and all the supportive Poor Tagalog allies that provides for a Cooperative Federalism Government is designed to have provisions that establishes a new course of industrialization-boosting study which is the Bachelor Of Science In Invention and Innovation and designed to have provisions to establish one conventional set of subjects to be studied in elementary and high school that ensures a higher quality of education as well as to provide other specific strategic measures to produce more competitive graduates in the whole country.

                OBJECTIVE 10. Establish a stable Cooperative Federalism Government in which it is impossible for a single person to grab excessive political power by subdividing the enormous power of the President from the previous Unitary setting provided by the 1987 Constitution with equal division of power into the new Federal Executive Council in which the members who are called as the “Federal Executives” are elected from each of the seventeen States or Regions. The Cooperative Federalism Constitution makes the President as a presiding officer who cannot vote but can vote only if there is a tie; and who may act as the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces if it is impossible for the Federal Executive Council to conduct a session and his actions will be valid until revoked by the Federal Executive Council. In this setting the real executive power resides on the Federal Executive Council will also serve as the Cabinet.

This form of federal executive body is adopted from the Roman Law before the reign of Caesar when there was a time of peace inside the Roman national government since no single leader in the Republic had a greater power than the other leaders; it was the time when the greatest governmental powers in Rome (around the Vatican today) were distributed equally among the leaders in the Republic and created a reign of peace inside the government. The rise of Caesar started an era of murder, violence, and civil wars.

Question 1: Is it chaotic if the executive power is handled by many people?

Answer: No. Because the members of the Federal Executive Council will just keep on discussing and voting and the President who is also presiding the Federal Executive Council will vote only if there is a tie.

Also, the Cooperative Federalism Government will be peaceful because it will be composed of strongly united members of the CFNTP since the strongly united seventy percent majority can take the seventy percent of the seats in the National Government and able to take one hundred percent or all the seats in the Senate including the seats of the President and Vice-President in the present unitary government by the 1987 Constitution since it says that the members of the Senate, the President, and the Vice-President shall be elected by the people nationwide (The 1987 Constitution gives the way for the CFNTP to take all the twenty-four seats in the Senate, take the seats of Presidency and Vice-Presidency, and take all the positions of Cabinet Secretaries, Ambassadors, and other high positions except the House or Representatives because the Congressmen are elected by districts that include the purely Tagalog districts.).

Question 2: Is the number of the Federal Executive Council members a threat to the whole country when there is an emergency like war or invasion when it is necessary to make a quick command on the military?

Answer: No. Because the Cooperative Federalism Constitution says that in case of emergency when it is impossible for the Federal Executive Council members to have a session, the President is automatically authorized to command the military and have full executive powers and all his actions shall be valid until revoked by the Federal Executive Council.

Question 3: Is there a danger that the Cooperative Federalism Non-Tagalog Party will just establish a reign of oligarch or make the country controlled by few rich people?

Answer: No. Because the majority of the members of the CFNTP are poor people and there will be elections inside the CFNTP to determine the standard bearers for the next election in the country. The poor majority members of the CFNTP will not allow a selfish person to become the standard bearer for the next election; so the present CFNTP standard bearers need to behave so that they will be voted as the standard bearers again for the next election in the whole country. 

OBJECTIVE 11. To establish international airports in the different Regions in order to serve as ports of entry and departure that will be well secured and controlled by the National Government.

Question 1: Is it better to have only one port of entry and departure in the country, which is located in Metro Manila?

Answer: No. Because the location of the NAIAA is occupied by many Rich Tagalogs who are the opponents of the CFNTP and these people may possibly frame-up or harm the members of the CFNTP.

Question 2: Can the country afford to build or widen another international airport to serve as another port of entry and departure?

Answer: Yes. After the establishment of the Government-Owned Corporations for all kinds of products and services that will be supported by the strongly unified members of the CFNTP, the government funds will remarkably increase and enough to pay for the construction or expansion of another international airport to serve as another port of entry and departure.

OBJECTIVE 12. To replace the Possibly-Rich Tagalog ambassadors and other Possibly-Rich Tagalog employees in the embassies with CFNTP members and enforce the use of the New Official Language in the embassies then make a balanced mixture of Tagalogs and CFNTP members after the ratification of the new Cooperative Federalism Constitution that provides a rotation of mixed employees in the embassies.

Any public employee who is removed from his work due to rearrangement or abolition of redundant offices or positions will be transferred to another work that has a similar or greater salary from his previous work.

Question 1: Why is there is a need for the CFNTP to replace the Possibly-Rich Tagalog ambassadors and other Possibly-Rich Tagalog employees in the embassies with CFNTP members then make a balanced mixture of Tagalogs and CFNTP members after the ratification of the new Cooperative Federalism Constitution that provides a rotation of mixed employees in the embassies?

Answer: Because the Possibly-Rich Tagalog ambassadors and other Possibly-Rich Tagalog employees may be hostile to CFNTP members or relatives of the CFNTP members who went abroad and there is a need for a mixture of Tagalogs and Non-Tagalogs as provided by the new Cooperative Federalism Constitution in order to do fairness among all the kinds of people in the country to maintain support from the majority.

OBJECTIVE 13. To replace the Possibly-Rich Tagalog employees in the port of entry and departure that is the NAIAA in Metro Manila until the full operation of the new port of entry and departure in the other region of the country. After the full operation of the new port of entry and departure in the other region of the country, the NAIAA will be handed back again to be fully controlled by the Metro Manila administrators who are possibly the Rich Tagalogs.

Any public employee who is removed from his work due to rearrangement or abolition of redundant offices or positions will be transferred to another work that has a similar or greater salary from his previous work.

Question 1: Why is there is a need for the CFNTP to replace the Possibly-Rich Tagalog employees in the port of entry and departure that is the NAIAA in Metro Manila until the full operation of new port of entry and departure in other region of the country?

Answer: Because the Possibly-Rich Tagalog employees in the port of entry and departure that is the NAIAA may frame up the CFNTP members or relatives of the CFNTP members who have no choice but to pass through NAIAA in order to go abroad or go back to the country. If any hostile Possibly-Rich Tagalog employee in the NAIAA frames up a member of the CFNTP, the said member of the CFNTP may just go to jail abroad or even executed abroad without really committing any crime.

The new Cooperative Federalism Constitution provides for the establishment of new port of entry and departure in other region of the country that shall be well-controlled by the Central Government.

Question 2: Are the members of the CFNTP capable of handling the NAIAA?

Answer: Yes. Even if the members of the CFNTP have no knowledge today about how to handle or manage the NAIAA, the CFNTP can send scholars or selected people abroad to study quickly how to handle or manage the NAIAA.

OBJECTIVE 14. To prevent any abuse on any person. Any public employee who is removed from his work due to rearrangement or abolition of redundant offices or positions will be transferred to another work that has a similar or greater salary from his previous work. The private employees who may be laid off by private corporations due to defeat in business as caused by the loyal customers of the Government-Owned Corporations (GOCs) who are the seventy percent (70%) of the total population of the country will be helped in getting job in the GOC’s or in going to work abroad that can give a much bigger salary.

Question 1: Why does the CFNTP need to prevent any abuse on any person?

Answer: No. Because the CFNTP will deteriorate then eventually collapse if it abuses any person.

The new Cooperative-Federalism Government has the opposite characteristics from the Martial Law Dictatorship since the President in the new Cooperative-Federalism Government has lesser powers since he is not allowed to vote while he presides the Cabinet elected by the people and has the main executive powers, but only allowed to vote when there is a tie.

Also, any public employee who is removed from his work due to rearrangement or abolition of redundant offices or positions will be transferred to another work that has a similar or greater salary from his previous work.

The private employees who may be laid off by private corporations due to defeat in business as caused by the loyal customers of the Government-Owned Corporations (GOCs) who are the seventy percent (70%) of the total population of the country will be helped in getting job in the GOC’s or in going to work abroad that can give a much bigger salary.

Question 2: Is the exercise of the eminent domain or forced buying on the private corporation’s franchises from foreign companies that jeopardizes, inhibits, or suppresses the economic progress of the country an abuse against the private corporation?

Answer: No. Because the Government will never buy a franchise by force is such franchise does not jeopardize, inhibit, or suppress the economic progress of the country and the Government will never give a cheap or unjust payment.

OBJECTIVE 15. To make sure that the delegations, who need to be CPA-Lawyers (Certified Public Accountant who are also Lawyers), who will debate or finalize the Cooperative Federalism Constitution attached at the end of this document to be ratified by the members of the CFNTP and other supportive people are all CFNTP CPA-Lawyers or almost all are members of the CFNTP who are CPA-Lawyers. The delegations may also be combined with the Members of the Senate and the House Of Representatives in finalizing the new Cooperative-Federalism Constitution.

The CPA-Lawyers who will finalize the new Cooperative-Federalism Constitution will make adjustments in the number of positions as well as the amount of salaries if it is necessary to compensate for the scarcity of funds; and they may also postpone the application of the new positions even many years after the ratification of the new Cooperative-Federalism Constitution depending on the calculations vis-à-vis the projected income from the Government-Owned Corporations (GOCs) that will be prioritized after the CFNTP has taken full control of the Government and as well as the other sources of funds of the Government.

Question 1: Why is there is a need to make sure that the delegations to debate and finalize the Cooperative Federalism Constitution attached at the end of this document are CFNTP CPA-Lawyers or almost all are members of the CFNTP who are CPA-Lawyers but not Possibly-Rich Tagalogs?

Answer: Because a Possibly-Rich Tagalog delegate may destroy the Cooperative Federalism Constitution to favor the Rich Tagalogs and the delegates who shall be members of the CFNTP need to be CPA-Lawyers because the delegates need to have a sufficient knowledge about the law and economic data or numbers or calculations and certified or licensed intellectual capability or skills to calculate or make remedies to anticipate possible economic and other problems in the whole country in the future.

The seventy percent majority who are the members of the fully-grown CFNTP shall dictate what shall happen next in the country. The Rich Tagalogs are just little minority in the country so they shall not prevail for their own selves for their luxurious life while the Poor Tagalogs and all other poor people in the country are suffering and getting poorer and poorer.

Question 2: What is the use of including the Members of the Senate and the House Of Representatives into the assembly of CPA-Lawyers that will debate or finalize the Cooperative-Federalism Constitution attached at the end of this document to be ratified by the members of the CFNTP and other supportive people?

Answer: Because they have experiences in law-making, while the CPA-Lawyers are good in business and numbers but may not have extra knowledge about what is happening inside the Senate and the House Of Representatives.

OBJECTIVE 16. To maintain a balanced mixture of personnel who came from the Poor Tagalogs, if possible, and personnel who came from the CFNTP in the military and police positions that serve the administration; and all the personnel shall come from the country’s elite military academy, national police academy, merchant marine academy, or other elite military or police academy.

Question 1: What is the use of appointing a balanced mixture of Tagalogs and CFNTP Members in the military and police positions that serve the administration?

Answer: The use is to prevent mutiny or grudges from the allies in the Tagalog community or to maintain a stronger alliance with the allies in the Tagalog community.

Question 2: Is it better to put only the CFNTP Members in the military and police leaderships to prevent any possible command to destabilize or topple down the government?

Answer: No. If there are grudges from the allies in the Tagalog community, there may be hostile acts or even crimes where military or police personnel from the allies in the Tagalog community may be involved like a mastermind or even direct act; and the alliance with the Tagalog allies may deteriorate. Peace is still the key to progress in this mission.

Question 3: Is it better to put more Tagalog military or police than CFNTP military or police members in the leadership that serves the administration?

Answer: No. It needs to be balanced by putting many Tagalog military or police in the leadership but not too much because the CFNTP may be jeopardized if it is too much. It needs to be a balanced mixture of personnel who came from the Poor Tagalogs, if possible, and personnel who came from the CFNTP.

OBJECTIVE 17. To preserve the Youth Council that has the barangay youth councilors with their chairman who serves as a representative in the barangay council, municipal or city youth federation with their chairman who serves as a representative in the municipal or city council, provincial youth federation with their chairman who serves as a representative in the provincial board, regional or state federation with their chairman who serves as a representative in the proposed State Legislative Assembly by the new Cooperative-Federalism Constitution, and national federation with their chairman who serves as a representative in the House of Representatives. The new Cooperative-Federalism Government shall preserve the old setting wherein the Youth Councilors are doing voluntary servitude with no salary to the community and the chairmen or chairwomen who are serving in the local government assemblies shall get the salary in accordance with the corresponding salary for the office where they are working such as the barangay council, municipal or city council, provincial board, State Legislative Assembly, and House of Representatives.

Question 1: Why is it useful to preserve the Youth Council in the whole country?

Answer: Because the Youth Council is a training ground for many young people for leadership where they may commit mistakes and later realize what is right and what is wrong, about what is good and what is better, and what is excellent in the field of leadership; and the whole country may later get the benefits from such training of young people.

Question 2: Can the country afford to pay the salaries of the Youth Council officers?

Answer: Yes. Because new Cooperative-Federalism Government will preserve the old setting wherein the Youth Councilors are doing voluntary servitude with no salary to the community and the chairmen or chairwomen who are serving in the local government assemblies shall get the salary in accordance with the corresponding salary for the office where they are working such as the barangay council, municipal or city council, provincial board, State Legislative Assembly, and House of Representatives; and such preservation of the old setting makes the expenses lesser.

OBJECTIVE 18. To prevent the escalation of the territorial dispute with Malaysia regarding the claim of some parts of Sabah by strong grip on the “stalemate or frozen position” or not legally giving the territory away but not recapturing it by military force then keep offering affordable compensation to the Malaysian Government for the retrieval of the territory of the Sulu Sultanate in Sabah; then if does not work, the case may also brought to the proper International Court with the offer for affordable compensation as an additional effort to retrieve the territory. However, if nothing works, the last possible option is to divide the disputed territory equally.

Question 1: Is it good to offer affordable compensation to the Malaysian Government to retrieve the territory of the Sultanate of Sulu?

Answer: Yes. Because the land, if it is retrieved, can be a long-term source of income the can recover the money spent for the compensation as well as to produce more money much more than spent for the said compensation.

Question 2: Is it better to use military force that is backed by USA and other foreign allies to retrieve the territory of the Sultanate of Sulu from the Malaysian Government?

Answer: No. Because military conflict creates uncertainty in which the country may totally collapse overnight since military conflict may cause a sudden destruction at present and in the future.

Question 3: Why is it the best thing to divide the disputed territory equally if the first peaceful options did not work?

Answer: Because it is the only way to get benefit from the territory without causing a bigger loss and it is better to get the half than to get nothing since the act of getting the whole causes war that may create more damages in the country. Once there is war and if the country is devastated, the surviving people may say later: “We should have given away that few square-inch of land earlier, now, our thousands of square-miles are gone.”.

OBJECTIVE 19. To prevent the escalation of the territorial dispute with China regarding the claim of some parts of the Spratlys Islands as well as the Scarborough Shoal or other disputed area in the future by strong grip on the “stalemate or frozen position”or not legally giving the territory away but not recapturing it by military force then keep offering the establishment of a reasonable boundary line that is very close to the territory but does not give away the territory to the Chinese Government to protect the ownership of some parts of the Spratlys Islands as well as the Scarborough Shoal or other disputed area in the future; then if does not work, the case may also brought to the proper International Court with the offer for the establishment of a reasonable boundary line that is very close to the territory but does not give away the territory as an additional effort to protect the ownership of the territory. However, if nothing works, the last possible option is to divide the disputed territory equally.

Question 1: Is it good to offer the establishment of a reasonable boundary line that is very close to the territory but does not give away the territory to the Chinese Government to protect the ownership of some parts of the Spratlys Islands as well as the Scarborough Shoal or other disputed area in the future?

Answer: Yes. Because the territory is protected even if it is very close the boundary.

Question 2: Is it better to use military force that is backed by USA and other foreign allies to protect the ownership of some parts of the Spratlys Islands as well as the Scarborough Shoal or other disputed area in the future?

Answer: No. Because military conflict creates uncertainty in which the country may totally collapse overnight since military conflict may cause a sudden destruction at present and in the future.

Question 3: Why is it the best thing to divide the disputed territory equally if the first peaceful options did not work?

Answer: Because it is the only way to get benefit from the territory without causing a bigger loss and it is better to get the half than to get nothing since the act of getting the whole causes war that may create more damages in the country. Once there is war and if the country is devastated, the surviving people may say later: “We should have given away that few square-inch of land earlier, now, our thousands of square-miles are gone.”.

OBJECTIVE 20. To establish a Government-Owned Corporation (GOC) that gives very fast or instant emergency loan with low interest rate for any currently enrolled or currently enrolling student, who is a citizen, for any valid expenditure like student housing payment for those who are not fully funded by student-assistant jobs, hospitalization, food allowance, and others.

Question 1: Why is it very important to establish a GOC that gives very fast or instant emergency loan with low interest rate for any currently enrolled or currently enrolling student, who is a citizen, for any valid expenditure like student housing payment for those who are not fully funded by student-assistant jobs, hospitalization, food allowance, and others?

Answer: Because the inability of a student or parent of the student to produce immediate money may be the reason to stop or delay the schooling of a student; and worst, it may also be the reason of a catastrophic incident that may be caused by extreme emotion of a student due to a necessary Leave Of Absence (LOA) as may be brought by poverty. 

OBJECTIVE 21. To establish Student Part-Time Job Program that prioritizes the students who are citizens and who are orphans or whose parents have no or very small income; and the health and safety of the students shall be prioritized as well as protection of their rights.

Question 1: What are the kinds of part-time jobs that may be given to students?

Answer: These are some of the possible kinds of work that may be given to the poorest students: salesperson for GOC stores near the school, clean streets, clean government buildings, utility in GOC farm near the store, utility in GOC factory, paint government facilities, utility in government construction sites near the school, office secretary, assistant librarian, gardener, and many others.

OBJECTIVE 22. To establish Orphan Protection Program that provides the necessities of life and education for the citizens who are orphans and no enough wealth to live and study; and the institution shall campaign for donations from the succesful citizens who were beneficiaries of the Orphan Protection Program. The institution shall also accept donations from people other than those who were beneficiaries of the Orphan Protection Program.

Question 1: What are the uses of the Orphan Protection Program?

 Answer: These are the uses of providing the necessities of life and education for the citizens who are orphans:

(1) It lessens crime rate because if the orphans are living well and studying in school, they may have lesser exposure to criminal elements who can teach them how to steal, rob, vandalize, and do other crimes; and if they have a good job in the future abroad or inside the country by using their diplomas and training from school, they will be free from poverty that may pull them closer to committing crime since those who cannot patiently do the act of getting food or profitable things from garbage cans or do very hard labor to survive may resort to committing criminal acts like stealing, robbing, cheating, shoplifting, pick-pocketing, prostitution, and other criminal acts in order to survive;

(2) It is a tricky way to provide additional income for the country by giving the orphans with knowledge, training, and diplomas then sending those interested graduates to work abroad then they will send large amounts of money in the country for their families or relatives; and such entry of money from abroad gives income for the country through taxes and more consumption of the GOC products and services;

(3) It is also a tricky way to provide additional income for the country by giving the orphans with knowledge, training, and diplomas to increase the number of those Citizens who are capable of going to work abroad to increase the income from the Government-Owned Corporations who give loans to the capable Citizens who want to go abroad but no money to use;

(4) It gives knowledge and skill to the orphans to possibly enable them manage the economy in the most productive possible way as well as the knowledge and skill to manage and protect all the other facets or parts or fields of the country that include the maintenance of peace and many others;

(5) It provides the orphans knowledge and training in Health and Medicine and this is like giving the people free Health Care since the learned orphans will eventually know how to prevent sickness or disease, give first aid, and other things about Health and Medicine; and

(6) It may also possibly boost the industrialization of the country if the orphans are taught about Invention and Innovation.

OBJECTIVE 23. To establish more low-cost dormitories in public schools after the establishment of the Government-Owned Corporations (GOCs) for all kinds of products and services. 

Question 1: Why is it that it may be necessary to accomplish first the establishment of the GOCs before the establishment of more low-cost dormitories in public schools?

Answer: Because the funds may necessarily come from the income of the GOCs (The people shall fully support the GOCs for all kinds of products and services to have funds.).

OBJECTIVE 24. To establish public schools or public-school annexes for elementary, high school, and college levels in locations closer to remote areas where there are remarkable number of populations.

Question 1: Why is it necessary to establish public schools or public-school annexes for elementary, high school, and college levels in locations closer to remote areas where there are remarkable number of populations?

Answer: Because the presently existing schools may be too far from the homes of the students and it makes them spend more money and effort in studying in places that are far from their homes.

MAIN OBSTACLES TO BE CONQUERED:

                Obstacle 1. The clauses in the Section 3, Article XII (NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PATRIMONY), of the 1987 Constitution that allow the Rich Tagalog’s private corporation or association to possess ONE THOUSAND HECTARES through lease and allow the Rich Tagalog Citizens to possess FIVE HUNDRED HECTARES through lease. These clauses give the strongly established right to the Rich Tagalogs to possess Hacienda through lease while the Poor Tagalogs and many other poor people do not possess any little piece of land.

                Obstacle 2. The absence of provision in the Article XII (NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PATRIMONY) of the 1987 Constitution that shall enable the Government to conquer any strongly established Private corporation or association if the economic development of the whole country is jeopardized or inhibited or suppressed by their presence or operation. This absence makes the Government unable to do anything but to watch the Private corporation or association become richer and richer while the Poor Tagalogs and other poor people in the country becomes poorer and poorer.

                Obstacle 3. The absence of provision in the Article XII (NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PATRIMONY) of the 1987 Constitution that shall command the Congress to establish Government-Owned Corporations (GOCs) that will actively compete in order to conquer hoarding and cartelization that raises the prizes of basic commodities in the country causing sufferings of the poor people. If the GOC is supported by farmers who sell their rice and no longer sell their rice to hoarders and cartel lords, the price of rice may always be reasonable at all times without unjust man-made high price; and if the GOC gas stations are established in exaggeratedly almost every street corner and supported by drivers who no longer buy from the oil hoarders, the price for oil products may always be right or fair.

                Obstacle 4. The presence of concentration of enormous powers into one person in all levels of the Government, except the barangay. This causes abuse of power, capability to easily do corruption, murder and conflict and unrest in grabbing the position, vulnerability to wrong decisions of a one-man decider, and anomalies in elections to grab the position.

THE NEW OFFICIAL NAME OF THE COUNTRY AFTER THE RATIFICATION OF THE COOPERATIVE FEDERALISM CONSTITUTION:

Federal Republic Of The Luzviminda

Question 1: Why is it necessary to change the name of the country from “Philippines” to “Luzviminda” and change the term for the citizens from “Filipino” to “Luzvimindan”?

Answer: Because the name “Philippines” is derived from the name of King Philip II of Spain and it connotes that the country is a subject of King Philip II of Spain and it connotes slavery and abuse from the past; and because the term “Filipino” connotes that the citizens of the Federation are subjects of King Philip II of Spain and it connotes slavery and abuse from the past; therefore, the use of the term “Filipino” can be considered as disrespect to those who sacrificed for the independence from Spain. The abolition of the terms “Philippines”, “Philippine”, and “Filipino” in the country is like a virtual act of tearing the cedulas for the last time for independence from Spain.

THE NEW COMMON NAME OF THE COUNTRY AFTER THE RATIFICATION OF THE COOPERATIVE FEDERALISM CONSTITUTION:

Luzviminda (Luzviminda means the three main islands or zones in the country namely, Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao.)

Question 1: Why is it necessary to change the name of the country from “Philippines” to “Luzviminda” and change the term for the citizens from “Filipino” to “Luzvimindan”?

Answer: Because the name “Philippines” is derived from the name of King Philip II of Spain and it connotes that the country is a subject of King Philip II of Spain and it connotes slavery and abuse from the past; and because the term “Filipino” connotes that the citizens of the Federation are subjects of King Philip II of Spain and it connotes slavery and abuse from the past; therefore, the use of the term “Filipino” can be considered as disrespect to those who sacrificed for the independence from Spain. The abolition of the terms “Philippines”, “Philippine”, and “Filipino” in the country is like a virtual act of tearing the cedulas for the last time for independence from Spain.

TYPE OF GOVERNMENT OF THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF THE LUZVIMINDA:

Roman-Republican and Cooperative-Federal

Question 1: What is the meaning of the term “Roman”?

Answer: Roman means it has the characteristics of Rome in a particular time before the reign of Caesar before the Triumvirate when there was a reign of peace inside the Roman national government since no single leader in their national government assembly was allowed to have greater power over the others. The reign of Caesar started an era of concentration of enormous powers into one person that is an era of violence, murder, wars, and sufferings of many people for a very long period of time.

In refining the Draft Constitution, other terms aside from the term "Roman" may also be used as long as the concentration of enormous power into one person is prevented. A direct description that there shall be no concentration of enormous power into one person may also be used.

Question 2: What is the meaning of the term “Republican”?

Answer: Republican means the kind of democracy in which the people are represented by selected members rather than participating directly into the decision-making process (Democracy means that it is the people who governs or rules.). It is better to select the most intelligent people to participate in the decision-making process because they really know the things that are bad or good for the country.

The opposite of Republican kind of democracy is the Direct Democracy that allows the direct participation of the people on voting whether or not a bill shall become a law. It is safe to use Direct Democracy in voting to ratify the Constitution because the Constitution was drafted by selected highly intelligent people not by the majority people who are mostly unaware of the deep logical connections that may develop or destroy the country; but it is very dangerous to allow the majority people to propose a law then just vote using their majority advantage because many people are not experts. This is like allowing the non-expert unlicensed majority to pilot a very large jumbo jet and this can cause accident because they don’t really know how to fly an airplane. What may happen if direct democracy is allowed in proposing and voting for the bills or propositions to become a law other than the ratification of a Constitution is the legalization of many bad things like dangerous drugs, prostitution, live sex show, and many other bad things because the said operation of direct democracy is based on numbers but not on intelligence or high morality.

Question 3: What is the Roman-republican form of government?

Answer: The Roman-republican form of government is a form in which no single leader or representative can grab greater powers than the other leaders or representatives. This was the form of government in Rome (around the Vatican today) before the reign of Caesar before the Triumvirate when there was no single leader or representative could grab greater powers than the others. The Roman Republic finally collapsed when the Roman military general Caesar took power by force and concentrated enormous powers into himself. The enormous concentration of power into one person can be seen in the government established by the United States Of America, after gaining independence from the Kingdom Of Great Britain, that has a President who has the great Executive Powers and great powers on the Armed Forces. This form of government was adopted for the whole archipelago composed of Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao by the selected delegates in the country when they drafted the 1987 Constitution, which was ratified and is still used today.

Question 4: What is the difference between Roman-republican and republican form government?

Answer: In the Roman-republican form of government, it is specified that a representative is not allowed to have greater powers over the other representatives; whereas in the government that is plainly described as “republican”, it is not specified whether or not a representative is not allowed to have greater powers over the other representatives, making it vulnerable to abuse of power by one most powerful person.

Question 5: What is the difference between Roman-republican form and the present Presidential form of government provided by the 1987 Constitution?

Answer: The Roman-republican form of government does not allow any single leader in the National Government to be more powerful than the others, whereas the present Presidential form of government concentrates too much power into the President by giving him enormous powers on the executive branch and enormous powers as the highest commander of the Armed Forces. If the President abuses his enormous power, the whole country is in big trouble. There is one important question for the Presidential form of government provided by the 1987 Constitution: “Is the President always a good person inside his soul?”.

The Roman-republican form is a type of government in relation to the concentration of powers into the individual representative chosen by the people in the government, whereas the presidential form is a type of government in relation to the relationship between the executive and the legislative branches of the national government. A Presidential form of government can also be a Roman-republican form of government at the same time if the enormous powers of the President are removed and given to the Cabinet or the Executive Council, making the President as a presiding officer who is not allowed to vote and allowed to vote only if there is a tie.

The opposite of the Roman-republican form of government is any form of government that allows the concentration of enormous powers into one person.

Question 6: What is the difference between Roman-republican form and the previously proposed Parliamentary form of government?

Answer: The Roman-republican form of government does not allow any single leader in the National Government to be more powerful than the others, whereas the previously proposed Parliamentary form of government concentrates too much power into the Prime Minister by giving him enormous powers on the executive branch and enormous powers as the highest commander of the Armed Forces. If the Prime Minister abuses his enormous power, the whole country is in big trouble. There is one important question for the previously proposed Parliamentary form of government: “Is the Prime Minister always a good person inside his soul?”.

The Roman-republican form is a type of government in relation to the concentration of powers into the individual representative chosen by the people in the government, whereas the Parliamentary form is a type of government in relation to the relationship between the executive and the legislative branches of the national government. A Parliamentary form of government can also be a Roman-republican form of government at the same time if the enormous powers of the Prime Minister are equally divided from among the members of an Executive Council elected by the members of a Parliament; and the whole Executive Council acts as the Prime Minister.

The opposite of the Roman-republican form of government is any form of government that allows the concentration of enormous powers into one person.

Question 7: What is the meaning of the term “Cooperative”?

Answer: Cooperative means it has the characteristics of helping each other like the Farmer’s Cooperatives in the barangays. In the Government, it means that the specific offices will allow the other particular offices to come to help them in their territory in maintaining and improving their territory and/or for the benefit of the whole country; or there is no selfish Region that does not allow the National or Central Government to go inside its own territory to exercise specific governmental powers for the benefit of their territory and/or of the whole country. In relation to federalism, the State or Regional Governments will allow the Federal or Central Government to exercise specific powers inside their respective territories to help them in their territory in maintaining and improving their territory and/or for the benefit of the whole country.

Question 8: What is the meaning of the term “Federal”?

Answer: Federal means the kind of government in which there is an equal level of power between the National Government and the Regional Government. It means that there is an acting “Malacanang” and “Congress” and “Supreme Court” in every Region and the people will go to their own “Malacanang” and “Congress” and “Supreme Court” inside their own Region and they don’t need to go to Metro Manila anymore; and their own funds can no longer be possibly corrupted by any possible corruptor from Metro Manila because they will spend their own funds inside their own Region that they may also call as “State”. Region and State are the same in a federal country. In a federal country, there is a Central Government or Federal Government to bind the many different Regions or States to maintain a strong unity in the whole country.

Question 9: What is the Cooperative-Federal form of government?

Answer: In Cooperative Federalism, there is an equal level of power between the National Government and the Regional Government in which the people in every region no longer need to go to Metro Manila for the higher governments since they will have their own “Malacanang” and Congress and “Supreme Court” in their own territory under their own management and spend their own funds without exposing the money to any possible corruptor in Metro Manila or Capital City but the National Government still holds the full control of the Military, Foreign Affairs, and other relevant branches in order to bind the whole country into a very strong Federal Union.

Question 10: What is the difference between Cooperative-Federal and Dual-Federalism forms of government?

Answer: In Cooperative-Federal form of government, the Regions or States that were given powers equal to the National or Central or Federal Government allows the National or Central or Federal Government to exercise powers inside their own territory like the full control of the Military and Police and other jurisdictions provided by the Constitution; whereas in the Dual-Federalism form of government, the Regions or States that were given powers equal to the National or Central or Federal Government do not allow the National Government to exercise too many exercise of powers inside their territory.

Dual-Federalism is dangerous because the lack of binding force or limited powers from the National Government to maintain the unity in the whole Federation and maintain order within each Regions or States can allow the individual Regions or States to make laws that may destroy its constituents or even destroy the whole country. If the National Government lacks control on the order inside individual Regions or States and lacks control on the goodness or badness of the leadership in individual Regions or States, many bad things will happen like the legalization of dangerous drugs, legalization of prostitution, and others.

Question 11: What is the difference between the government with a Cooperative-Federal System and a government with a Confederation?

Answer: In the government with a Cooperative-Federal System, the Regions or States are given powers equal to the National or Central or Federal Government; whereas in the government with a Confederation, the Regions or States are given more powers than the National or Central or Federal Government.

Confederation is even worst or more dangerous than Dual-Federalism because the Regions or States have the greater powers in governing themselves; and this can cause many bad things to happen like the legalization of dangerous drugs, legalization of prostitution, and even chaos and civil war.

Question 12: What is the difference between Cooperative-Federal form and the previously proposed Parliamentary form of government?

Answer: The Cooperative-Federal form of government is a type of government in relation to the distribution of power between the National or Central or Federal Government and the Regional or State Government; whereas the Parliamentary form of government is a type of government in relation to the interplay or interrelationship between the executive branch and the legislative branch of the National Government. The types of government in relation to the distribution of power between the National or Central or Federal Government and the Regional or State Government include the Cooperative-Federalism, Dual-Federalism, Confederation, and Unitary; whereas the types of government in relation to the interplay or interrelationship between the executive branch and the legislative branch of the national government are presidential and parliamentary.

Question 13: What is the difference between cooperative-federal and federal form government?

Answer: In the cooperative-federal form of government, it is specified that the State or Regional Government allows the National or Central or Federal Government to exercise particular powers inside its own territory even after the equal division of powers between the two levels of governments; whereas in the government that is plainly described as “federal”, it is not specified whether or not the State or Regional Government allows the National or Central or Federal Government to exercise particular powers inside its own territory after the equal division of powers between the two levels of governments, making it vulnerable to Dual Federalism that has the characteristics that may jeopardize the whole country.

Dual-Federalism is dangerous because the lack of binding force or limited powers from the National Government to maintain the unity in the whole Federation and maintain order within each Regions or States can allow the individual Regions or States to make laws that may destroy its constituents or even destroy the whole country. If the National Government lacks control on the order inside individual Regions or States and lacks control on the goodness or badness of the leadership in individual Regions or States, many bad things will happen like the legalization of dangerous drugs, legalization of prostitution, and others.

THE NEW OFFICIAL LANGUAGE OF THE COUNTRY AFTER THE RATIFICATION OF THE COOPERATIVE FEDERALISM CONSTITUTION:

The Most Widely Used International Language or English

Question 1: Why is it not correct to use the Tagalog or Filipino Language as the Official Language Of The Federation?

Answer: Because the Tagalog or Filipino Language is not an international language and the transactions between the different recognized and respected nations in the Federation shall use international language since the country is composed of many different nations or groups of people with different languages; also, the use of the Tagalog Language as a medium of instruction in the barangays that are not Tagalogs is a big burden in the learning process of the children.

The use of the term “Filipino” to hide the existence of other groups of people in the country who have different languages is a big injustice and disrespect to the other nations or groups of people in the country.

Also, the term “Filipino” connotes that the citizens of the Federation are subjects of King Philip II of Spain and it connotes slavery and abuse from the past since the term “Filipino” is derived from the name of King Philip II of Spain; therefore, the use of the term “Filipino” can be considered as disrespect to those who sacrificed for the independence from Spain. The abolition of the terms “Philippines”, “Philippine”, and “Filipino” in the country is like a virtual act of tearing the cedulas for the last time for independence from Spain.

Question 2: Will the Citizens of Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao lose their identity if the official language is a foreign language, which is English?

Answer: No. Because the true identity of all the Citizens of Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao is a union of different nations with different languages and even different skin colors like the skin of Aetas and the skin of Tagalogs; hence, it is a real inter-national union that deserves to use the most widely used international language, which is English. If the Tagalog language is the most widely-used international language, then it is only the situation that the Tagalog language deserve to be made as the official language.

THE TRANSLATION OF THE NATIONAL ANTHEM OF THE COUNTRY AFTER THE RATIFICATION OF THE COOPERATIVE FEDERALISM CONSTITUTION:

The national anthem of the country shall be translated in the international language (English).

The Tagalog or Filipino Language is not an international language and the transactions between the different recognized and respected nations in the Federation shall use international language since the country is composed of many different nations or groups of people with different native languages.

The use of the term “Filipino” to hide the existence of other groups of people or nations in the country who have different languages is a big injustice and disrespect to the other nations or groups of people in the country.

Also, the term “Filipino” connotes that the citizens of the Federation are subjects of King Philip II of Spain and it connotes slavery and abuse from the past since the term “Filipino” is derived from the name of King Philip II of Spain; therefore, the use of the term “Filipino” can be considered as disrespect to those who sacrificed for the independence from Spain. The abolition of the terms “Philippines”, “Philippine”, and “Filipino” in the country is like a virtual act of tearing the cedulas for the last time for independence from Spain.

THE CONSTITUTION OF THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF THE LUZVIMINDA (Draft Constitution To Be Debated And Ratified):

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Annotation:

Luzviminda (Luzviminda means the three main islands or zones in the country namely, Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao.).

It is necessary to change the name of the country from “Philippines” to “Luzviminda” and change the term for the citizens from “Filipino” to “Luzvimindan” because the name “Philippines” is derived from the name of King Philip II of Spain and it connotes that the country is a subject of King Philip II of Spain and it connotes slavery and abuse from the past; and because the term “Filipino” connotes that the citizens of the Federation are subjects of King Philip II of Spain and it connotes slavery and abuse from the past; therefore, the use of the term “Filipino” can be considered as disrespect to those who sacrificed for the independence from Spain. The abolition of the terms “Philippines”, “Philippine”, and “Filipino” in the country is like a virtual act of tearing the cedulas for the last time for independence from Spain.

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 (Full Text)

PREAMBLE

We, the sovereign multinational people of the Luzviminda, imploring the aid of Almighty God, in order to build a just and humane society, and establish a Federation that shall embody our ideals and aspirations, promote the common good, conserve and develop our patrimony, and secure to ourselves and our posterity, the blessings of independence and democracy under the rule of law and a regime of equality, respect to each other, truth, justice, freedom, love, and peace, do ordain and promulgate this Constitution.

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Annotation:

The use of the term, “multinational people” cannot destroy the unity of the people of the country because it is an act of acknowledgement or respect for the Aetas, Tausugs, and other nations in the country. The act of hiding the other nations in the country to make it appear that they do not exist in the country is a big injustice that can destroy the country. If there are several nations with different languages and skin colors in the country, then the use of the term, “one nation” is counter-factual; it is a lie in such case. There shall be equality and respect to each other in order to unite the country.

Nation is defined as a community of people who share a common language, culture, ethnicity, descent, or history. It is a big injustice to disregard the other nations in a way that treats them like they do not exist. The Tausug Nation is a nation that is not Tagalog Nation, the Bicolano is not Tagalog, the Cebuano is not Tagalog. The use of the term “Filipino” to replace the term “Tagalog” makes the situation worst because it obviously hides the existence of the other nations and the term “Filipino” connotes that the people of the country are subjects of King Philip II of Spain”; it connotes slavery and abuses from Spain. Therefore, the use of the term “Filipino” can be considered as disrespect to those who sacrificed for the independence from Spain. The abolition of the terms “Philippines”, “Philippine”, and “Filipino” in the country is like a virtual act of tearing the cedulas for the last time for independence from Spain.

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ARTICLE I

NATIONAL TERRITORY

The national territory comprises the Luzvimindan archipelago, with all the islands and waters embraced therein, and all other territories over which the Luzviminda has sovereignty or jurisdiction, consisting of its terrestrial, fluvial and aerial domains, including its territorial sea, the seabed, the subsoil, the insular shelves, and other submarine areas. The waters around, between, and connecting the islands of the archipelago, regardless of their breadth and dimensions, form part of the internal waters of the Luzviminda.

ARTICLE II

DECLARATION OF PRINCIPLES AND NATIONAL POLICIES

PRINCIPLES

Section 1. The Luzviminda is a democratic Roman-republican and cooperative-federal country. Sovereignty resides in the people and all government authority emanates from them.

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Annotation:

In refining the Draft Constitution, other terms aside from the term "Roman" may also be used as long as the concentration of enormous power into one person is prevented. A direct description that there shall be no concentration of enormous power into  one person may also be used.

The Roman-republican form of government is a form in which no single leader can grab greater powers than the other leaders. This was the form of government in Rome (around the Vatican today) before the reign of Caesar before the Triumvirate when there was no single leader could grab greater powers than the others. The Roman Republic finally collapsed when the Roman military general Caesar took power by force and concentrated enormous powers into himself. The enormous concentration of power into one person can be seen in the government established by the United States Of America after gaining independence from the Kingdom Of Great Britain that has a President who has the great Executive Powers and great powers on the Armed Forces. This form of government was adopted for the whole archipelago composed of Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao by the selected delegates in the country when they drafted the 1987 Constitution, which was ratified and is still used today.

The Roman-republican form is a type of government in relation to the concentration of powers into the individual representative chosen by the people in the government, whereas the presidential and parliamentary forms are types of government in relation to the relationship between the executive and the legislative branches of the national government. A Presidential form of government can also be a Roman-republican form of government at the same time if the enormous powers of the President are removed and given to the Cabinet or the Executive Council, making the President as a presiding officer who is not allowed to vote and allowed to vote only if there is a tie; and a Parliamentary form of government can also be a Roman-republican form of government at the same time if the enormous powers of the Prime Minister are equally divided from among the several members of an Executive Council elected by the members of a Parliament and the whole Executive Council acts as the Prime Minister.

The opposite of the Roman-republican form of government is any form of government that allows the concentration of enormous powers into one person.

The difference between Roman-republican and republican form government is that the Roman-republican form of government has a specification that a representative is not allowed to have greater powers over the other representatives; whereas in the government that is plainly described as “republican”, it is not specified whether or not a representative is not allowed to have greater powers over the other representatives, making it vulnerable to abuse of power by one most powerful person.

The Cooperative Federalism Government provided by this new Cooperative Federalism Constitution binds the country into a very strong federal union since the Federal Government takes the full control over the military and the police, full control over the central bank, full control over the foreign policy, full control on the invalidation of the laws created by the States that do not conform to the Federal Law under the principle of preemption, prohibits double or redundant taxation or allows only the States to tax the taxable ones that are not yet taxed by the Federal Government, has the quality control on the creation of laws in the whole country or maintain well-considered laws, and fairly settles conflicts between States.

Cooperative Federalism is very different from the terrifying Dual Federalism. Dual Federalism, wherein the Federal Government cannot invalidate an oppressive or harmful law created by the State Legislature and has double or redundant taxation, can deteriorate the whole federation, may create chaos, and even cause civil war or downfall. The worst is Confederation in which the State or Region is given all of the powers and this can cause ill-considered laws, chaos, and even, civil war.

The difference between cooperative-federal and federal form government is that the cooperative-federal form of government has a specification that the State or Regional Government allows the National or Central or Federal Government to exercise particular powers inside its own territory even after the equal division of powers between the two levels of governments; whereas in the government that is plainly described as “federal”, it is not specified whether or not the State or Regional Government allows the National or Central or Federal Government to exercise particular powers inside its own territory after the equal division of powers between the two levels of governments, making it vulnerable to Dual Federalism that has the characteristics that may jeopardize the whole country.

Dual-Federalism is dangerous because the lack of binding force or limited powers from the National Government to maintain the unity in the whole Federation and maintain order within each Regions or States can allow the individual Regions or States to make laws that may destroy its constituents or even destroy the whole country. If the National Government lacks control on the order inside individual Regions or States and lacks control on the goodness or badness of the leadership in individual Regions or States, many bad things will happen like the legalization of dangerous drugs, legalization of prostitution, and others.

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Section 2. The Luzviminda renounces war as an instrument of national policy, adopts the generally accepted principles of international law as part of the law of the land and adheres to the policy of peace, equality, justice, freedom, cooperation, and amity with all nations.

Section 3. Civilian authority is, at all times, supreme over the military. The Armed Forces of the Luzviminda is the protector of the people and the Federation. Its goal is to secure the sovereignty of the Federation and the integrity of the national territory.

Section 4. The prime duty of the Federal Government is to serve and protect the people. The Federal Government may call upon the people in the entire country to defend the Federation and, in the fulfillment thereof, all citizens may be required, under conditions provided by law, to render personal, military or civil service.

Section 5. The maintenance of peace and order, the protection of life, liberty, and property, and promotion of the general welfare are essential for the enjoyment by all the people of the blessings of democracy.

Section 6. The separation of Church and the Federation shall be inviolable.

Section 7. The equality before the law of all human beings shall be inviolable.

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Annotation:

The principle “equality before the law of all human beings” does not only include the equality between men and women as cited in the Section 14, Article II of the 1987 Constitution but also between men of different ages and different skin colors and languages in the Federation and between women of different ages and different skin colors and languages in the Federation,

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NATIONAL POLICIES

Section 8. The Federation shall pursue an independent foreign policy. In its relations with other states, the paramount consideration shall be national sovereignty, territorial integrity, national interest, and the right to self-determination.

Section 9. The Luzviminda, consistent with the national interest, adopts and pursues a policy of freedom from nuclear weapons in its territory.

Section 10. The Federation shall promote a just and dynamic social order that will ensure the prosperity and independence of the nation and free the people from poverty through policies that provide adequate social services, promote full employment, a rising standard of living, and an improved quality of life for all.

Section 11. The Federation shall promote social justice in all phases of national development.

Section 12. The Federation values the dignity of every human person and guarantees full respect for human rights.

Section 13. The Federation recognizes the sanctity of family life and shall protect and strengthen the family as a basic autonomous social institution. It shall equally protect the life of the mother and the life of the unborn from conception. The natural and primary right and duty of parents in the rearing of the youth for civic efficiency and the development of moral character shall receive the support of the Federation.

Section 14. The Federation recognizes the vital role of the youth in nation-building and shall promote and protect their physical, moral, spiritual, intellectual, and social well-being. It shall inculcate in the youth patriotism and nationalism, and encourage their involvement in public and civic affairs.

The Federation shall protect the Youth Council that has the barangay youth councilors with their chairman who serves as a representative in the barangay council, municipal or city youth federation with their chairman who serves as a representative in the municipal or city council, provincial youth federation with their chairman who serves as a representative in the provincial board, regional or state federation with their chairman who serves as a representative in the State Legislative Assembly, and national federation with their chairman who serves as a representative in the House of Representatives. The Federation shall preserve the setting wherein the Youth Councilors are doing voluntary servitude with no salary to the community and the chairmen or chairwomen who are serving in the local government assemblies shall get the salary in accordance with the corresponding salary for the office where they are working such as the barangay council, the municipal or city council, the provincial board, State Legislative Assembly, and the House of Representatives.

Section 15. The Federation recognizes the role of women in nation-building, and shall ensure the fundamental equality before the law of women and men.

Section 16. The Federation shall protect and promote the right to health of the people and instill health consciousness among them.

Section 17. The Federation shall protect and advance the right of the people to a balanced and healthful ecology in accord with the rhythm and harmony of nature.

Section 18. The Federation shall give priority to education, science and technology, arts, culture, and sports to foster patriotism and nationalism, accelerate social progress, and promote total human liberation and development.

Section 19. The Federation affirms labor as a primary social economic force. It shall protect the rights of workers and promote their welfare.

Section 20. The Federation shall develop a self-reliant and independent national economy effectively controlled by Luzvimindans.

Section 21. The Federation recognizes the indispensable role of the private sector, encourages private enterprise, and provides incentives to needed investments.

Section 22. The Federation shall promote comprehensive rural development and agrarian reform.

Section 23. The Federation recognizes and promotes the rights of indigenous cultural communities within the framework of national unity and development.

Section 24. The Federation shall encourage non-governmental, community-based, or sectoral organizations that promote the welfare of the nation.

Section 25. The Federation recognizes the vital role of communication and information in nation-building.

Section 26. The Federation shall ensure the autonomy of local governments.

Section 27. The Federation shall guarantee equal access to opportunities for public service and prohibit political dynasties as may be defined by law.

Section 28. The Federation shall maintain honesty and integrity in the public service. The Federation shall establish an active and tactical elite task force under the jurisdiction of the Federal Executive Council that is actively supported by the police, military, and other governmental agencies to guard funds of the Federation against graft and corruption.

Section 29. Subject to reasonable conditions prescribed by law, the Federation adopts and implements a policy of full public disclosure of all its transactions involving public interest.

Section 30. The Federation shall maintain equality and respect between the different nations with different languages that may reside in the country, who, at the time of the ratification of this Constitution, are composed of the Aeta, Aklanon, Asi (Bantoanon), Bicolano, Capiznon, Cuyonon, Cebuano, Chabacano, Gaddang, Ibaloi, Ibanag, Ibatan, Ifugao, Igorot, Isneg, Itawis, Ilongot, Ilocano, Hiligaynon (Ilonggo), Kalinga, Kankana-ey, Kapampangan, Kinaray-a, Maguindanaon, Manobo (Obo), Maranao, Pangasinan, Romblomanon (Ini), Sambal, Sangil, Sinama, Surigaonon, Sorsoganon, Tagalog, Tausug, Waray-Waray, Yakan, and other nations (if any).

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Annotation:

Nation is defined as a community of people who share a common language, culture, ethnicity, descent, or history. It is a big injustice to disregard the other nations in a way that treats them like they do not exist. The Tausug Nation is a nation that is not Tagalog Nation, the Bicolano is not Tagalog, the Cebuano is not Tagalog. The use of the term “Filipino” to replace the term “Tagalog” makes the situation worst because it obviously hides the existence of the other nations and the term “Filipino” connotes that the people of the country are subjects of King Philip II of Spain”; it connotes slavery and abuses from Spain. Therefore, the use of the term “Filipino” can be considered as disrespect to those who sacrificed for the independence from Spain. The abolition of the terms “Philippines”, “Philippine”, and “Filipino” in the country is like a virtual act of tearing the cedulas for the last time for independence from Spain.

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Section 31. The Federation shall establish an active and tactical elite bureau to guard its own Corporations against fake government seal or any form of tampering or criminal act in order for a private company to sell its products or services.

Section 32. There shall be no direct democracy on voting whether or not a proposed bill or item, except the ratification of a Constitution, shall be made a Federal Law or State Law.

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Annotation:

There is a great danger of allowing direct democracy in making laws other than the ratification of the Constitution that is drafted and debated by experts because the decision in direct democracy is based on number but not on intellectual deliberation since many of the voters in direct democracy have no expertise about the subject. This is like allowing the unlicensed majority to pilot an extra-large jumbo jet, making the great danger of catastrophe because of lack of expertise. If direct democracy will be allowed in making laws other than the ratification of a Constitution, many bad things may be legalized like dangerous drugs, prostitution, live sex show, video and printed pornography, and many others.

In this Cooperative Federalism Constitution, quality control is maintained because the Federal Government has the power to invalidate a law if it does not conform to the Federal Law especially the Constitution.

------------------------------------------- Annotation ------------------------------------------------

Section 33. The Federation shall provide for a system of initiative and referendum, and the exceptions therefrom, whereby the people can directly propose laws or propose the rejection of any act or law or part thereof passed by any legislative body in the Federation after the registration of a petition therefor signed by at least ten per centum of the total number of registered voters in the respective subdivision within the Federation, of which every legislative subdivision must be represented by at least three per centum of the registered voters thereof.

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Annotation:

There may be no danger of allowing direct democracy in proposing laws or propose the rejection of any act or law or part thereof passed by any legislative body in the Federation but there is a great danger of allowing direct democracy in voting for a proposed bill or document to become laws other than the ratification of the Constitution that is drafted and debated by experts because the decision in direct democracy is based on number but not on intellectual deliberation since many of the voters in direct democracy have no expertise about the subject. This is like allowing the unlicensed majority to pilot an extra-large jumbo jet, making the great danger of catastrophe because of lack of expertise. If direct democracy will be allowed in making laws other than the ratification of a Constitution, many bad things may be legalized like dangerous drugs, prostitution, live sex show, video and printed pornography, and many others.

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Section 34. There shall be no law passed in the Federation that gives unhealthy or malicious physical harm or moral harm on any person or the community basing from the conventional standard set by competent authorities like doctors, licensed psychiatrists, or other licensed experts inside the Federation. The Congress shall establish a body composed of doctors, licensed psychiatrists, or other licensed experts to set the conventional standard for the things that give unhealthy or malicious physical harm or moral harm on any person.

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Annotation:

In this Cooperative Federalism Constitution, quality control is maintained because the Federal Government has the power to invalidate a law if it does not conform to the Federal Law especially the Constitution (See Preemption in USA Law.).

The conventional standard set by competent authorities like doctors, licensed psychiatrists, or other licensed experts inside the Federation shall be followed in invalidating any harmful or causing moral damage on the people such as the issues on dangerous drugs, prostitution, abortion, euthanasia, divorce, same-sex marriage, nudity in beaches or public places except the Oblation Run that has covered face and held only within few seconds in one year as a ceremonial act, gun law, cloning, gender change technical qualifications, and others.

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Section 35. The Ambassador for each of the foreign countries, which the Federation has diplomatic relation, shall be changed every three years and there shall be a fair rotation from among the seventeen States about who will provide the next Ambassador.

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Annotation:

It is necessary to have a fair rotation from among the seventeen States about who will provide the next Ambassador because there is a big possibility that the Ambassador would concentrate pouring the benefits from the foreign country like job opportunities into his Nation where his Native Language belong.

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Section 36. The set of employees of the Luzvimindan Embassy for each of the foreign countries, which the Federation has diplomatic relation, shall be composed of personnel who came from different States in the Federation and the set of employees shall be changed every three years and there shall be a fair rotation from among the seventeen States about which States will provide the next set of employees.

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Annotation:

It is necessary that the set of employees of the Luzvimindan Embassy for each of the foreign countries, which the Federation has diplomatic relation, shall be composed of personnel who came from different States in the Federation and the set of employees shall be changed every three years and there shall be a fair rotation from among the seventeen States about which States will provide the next set of employees because there is a big possibility that if a group of people in the Luzvimindan Embassy belong to only one Nation and if they hate a particular other Nation in the Federation, they may be so hostile to the people with other Native Languages that seeks help from them.

It is also necessary that the set of employees of the Luzvimindan Embassy for each of the foreign countries, which the Federation has diplomatic relation, shall be composed of personnel who came from different States in the Federation and the set of employees shall be changed every three years and there shall be a fair rotation from among the seventeen States about which States will provide the next set of employees because there are lots of job opportunities and good-life opportunities from abroad and these shall be shared equally from among the people with different Languages in the whole country.

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Section 37. (1) The Federation, whenever there are arising illegal armed militants from any State, shall invite the said illegal armed fighters to join the Armed Forces Of The Luzviminda and become regular soldiers; and they shall become a task force in accordance with their location and expertise. There shall be regular professionalization seminars for all the former members of the illegal armed militants who became regular soldiers with the lectures involving political science, federal unity strategies, economic progress strategies of the government, their duties and rights as regular soldiers, and other things that may be considered as useful. Any existing illegal political party or group shall be invited to act in accordance with the law and freely participate in the elections and all other political activities.

(2) The Federation, whenever there are arising illegal Communism-Based armed militants from any State, shall invite the said illegal armed fighters to join the Armed Forces Of The Luzviminda and become regular soldiers; and they shall become a task force in accordance with their location and expertise. The New People’s Army (NPA) members shall be invited to become regular soldiers of the Armed Forces Of The Luzviminda as members of the Anti-Illegal Logging And Anti-Poaching Task Force; and there shall be offices for this task force in remote barangays as a part of the strategy against illegal logging. There shall be regular professionalization seminars for all the former members of the NPA who became regular soldiers with the lectures involving political science, federal unity strategies, economic progress strategies of the government, their duties and rights as regular soldiers, and other things that may be considered as useful. Any existing illegal Communism-Based Party shall be invited to act in accordance with the law and freely participate in the elections and all other political activities.

(3) The Federation, whenever there are arising illegal Islam-Based armed militants from any State, shall invite the said illegal armed fighters to join the Armed Forces Of The Luzviminda and become regular soldiers; and they shall become a task force in accordance with their location and expertise. Any existing illegal Muslim Fighters shall be invited to become regular soldiers of the Armed Forces Of The Luzviminda as members of the Task Force Tourism Security; and there shall be offices for this task force near the tourist spots in the State Of Bangsamoro. There shall be regular professionalization seminars for all the former members of the illegal Muslim Fighters who became regular soldiers with the lectures involving political science, federal unity strategies, economic progress strategies of the government, their duties and rights as regular soldiers, and other things that may be considered as useful. Any existing illegal Islam-Based Party or Organization shall be invited to act in accordance with the law and freely participate in the elections and all other political activities.

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Annotation:

It is still better, economically, to invite any illegal fighter to join the Armed Forces and give him uniforms, salary, and other benefits because if an illegal fighter can burn or blow-up a multi-million infrastructure, it is a bigger loss. The existence of illegal fighter can also bankrupt tourism and businesses of the government that funds the poor people for free health care, free education, and others. The perpetuation of the armed conflict may also cause more Military expenses to fund the very expensive bullets and explosives to be burned; the perpetuation of the armed conflict may also cause the destruction of other properties in the location, death of fighters and civilians, suppression of GOC businesses in the area, suppression of the economic development of the area, suppression of education of children in the area, and inconvenience of the civilians in the area.

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ARTICLE III

BILL OF RIGHTS

Section 1. No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law, nor shall any person be denied the equal protection of the laws.

Section 2. The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures of whatever nature and for any purpose shall be inviolable, and no search warrant or warrant of arrest shall issue except upon probable cause to be determined personally by the judge after examination under oath or affirmation of the complainant and the witnesses he may produce, and particularly describing the place to be searched and the persons or things to be seized.

Section 3. (1) The privacy of communication and correspondence shall be inviolable except upon lawful order of the court, or when public safety or order requires otherwise, as prescribed by law.

(2) Any evidence obtained in violation of this or the preceding section shall be inadmissible for any purpose in any proceeding.

Section 4. No law shall be passed abridging the freedom of speech, of expression, or of the press, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble and petition the government for redress of grievances.

Section 5. No law shall be made respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof. The free exercise and enjoyment of religious profession and worship, without discrimination or preference, shall forever be allowed. No religious test shall be required for the exercise of civil or political rights.

Section 6. The liberty of abode and of changing the same within the limits prescribed by law shall not be impaired except upon lawful order of the court. Neither shall the right to travel be impaired except in the interest of national security, public safety, or public health, as may be provided by law.

Section 7. The right of the people to information on matters of public concern shall be recognized. Access to official records, and to documents and papers pertaining to official acts, transactions, or decisions, as well as to government research data used as basis for policy development, shall be afforded the citizen, subject to such limitations as may be provided by law.

Section 8. The right of the people, including those employed in the public and private sectors, to form unions, associations, or societies for purposes not contrary to law shall not be abridged.

Section 9. Private property shall not be taken for public use without just compensation.

Section 10. No law impairing the obligation of contracts shall be passed.

Section 11. Free access to the courts and quasi-judicial bodies and adequate legal assistance shall not be denied to any person by reason of poverty.

Section 12. (1) Any person under investigation for the commission of an offense shall have the right to be informed of his right to remain silent and to have competent and independent counsel preferably of his own choice. If the person cannot afford the services of counsel, he must be provided with one. These rights cannot be waived except in writing and in the presence of counsel.

(2) No torture, force, violence, threat, intimidation, or any other means which vitiate the free will shall be used against him. Secret detention places, solitary, incommunicado, or other similar forms of detention are prohibited.

(3) Any confession or admission obtained in violation of this or Section 17 hereof shall be inadmissible in evidence against him.

(4) The law shall provide for penal and civil sanctions for violations of this section as well as compensation to the rehabilitation of victims of torture or similar practices, and their families.

Section 13. All persons, except those charged with offenses punishable by reclusion perpetua when evidence of guilt is strong, shall, before conviction, be bailable by sufficient sureties, or be released on recognizance as may be provided by law. The right to bail shall not be impaired even when the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus is suspended. Excessive bail shall not be required.

Section 14. (1) No person shall be held to answer for a criminal offense without due process of law.

(2) In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall be presumed innocent until the contrary is proved, and shall enjoy the right to be heard by himself and counsel, to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation against him, to have a speedy, impartial, and public trial, to meet the witnesses face to face, and to have compulsory process to secure the attendance of witnesses and the production of evidence in his behalf. However, after arraignment, trial may proceed notwithstanding the absence of the accused: Provided, that he has been duly notified and his failure to appear is unjustifiable.

Section 15. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended except in cases of invasion or rebellion, when the public safety requires it.

Section 16. All persons shall have the right to a speedy disposition of their cases before all judicial, quasi-judicial, or administrative bodies.

Section 17. No person shall be compelled to be a witness against himself.

Section 18. (1) No person shall be detained solely by reason of his political beliefs and aspirations. 

(2) No involuntary servitude in any form shall exist except as a punishment for a crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted.

Section 19. (1) Excessive fines shall not be imposed, nor cruel, degrading or inhuman punishment inflicted. Neither shall death penalty be imposed, unless, for compelling reasons involving heinous crimes, the Congress hereafter provides for it. Any death penalty already imposed shall be reduced to reclusion perpetua.

(2) The employment of physical, psychological, or degrading punishment against any prisoner or detainee or the use of substandard or inadequate penal facilities under subhuman conditions shall be dealt with by law.

Section 20. No person shall be imprisoned for debt or non-payment of a poll tax.

Section 21. No person shall be twice put in jeopardy of punishment for the same offense. If an act is punished by a law and an ordinance, conviction or acquittal under either shall constitute a bar to another prosecution for the same act.

Section 22. No ex post facto law or bill of attainder shall be enacted.

ARTICLE IV

CITIZENSHIP

Section 1. The following are citizens of the Luzviminda:

[1] Those who are citizens of the Luzviminda at the time of the adoption of this Constitution;

[2] Those whose fathers or mothers are citizens of the Luzviminda;

[3] Those born before January 17, 1973, of Luzvimindan mothers, who elect Luzviminda citizenship upon reaching the age of majority; and

[4] Those who are naturalized in accordance with law.

Section 2. Natural-born citizens are those who are citizens of the Luzviminda from birth without having to perform any act to acquire or perfect their Luzviminda citizenship. Those who elect Luzviminda citizenship in accordance with paragraph (3), Section 1 hereof shall be deemed natural-born citizens.

Section 3. Luzviminda citizenship may be lost or reacquired in the manner provided by law.

Section 4. Citizens of the Luzviminda who marry aliens shall retain their citizenship, unless by their act or omission, they are deemed, under the law, to have renounced it.

Section 5. Dual allegiance of citizens is inimical to the national interest and shall be dealt with by law.

ARTICLE V

SUFFRAGE

Section 1. Suffrage may be exercised by all citizens of the Luzviminda not otherwise disqualified by law, who are at least eighteen years of age, and who shall have resided in the Luzviminda for at least one year, and in the place wherein they propose to vote, for at least six months immediately preceding the election. No literacy, property, or other substantive requirement shall be imposed on the exercise of suffrage.

Section 2. The Congress shall provide a system for securing the secrecy and sanctity of the ballot as well as a system for absentee voting by qualified Luzvimindan abroad.

The Congress shall also design a procedure for the disabled and the illiterates to vote without the assistance of other persons. Until then, they shall be allowed to vote under existing laws and such rules as the Commission on Elections may promulgate to protect the secrecy of the ballot.

ARTICLE VI

GENERAL PROVISIONS FOR THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT

Section 1. The Federal Government shall be located in San Fernando City, La Union.

------------------------------------------------- Annotation -----------------------------------------------------

Annotation:

The Metro Manila will become the seat of a State Government so the Federal Government shall be located in San Fernando City, La Union.

The Federal Government shall not be located around Clark Air Base and not around Subic Naval Base because they are close to a volcano like the Mt Pinatubo; and the Federal Government shall be in Luzon because the island of Luzon has the greatest population in the country.

San Fernando City, La Union has an airport that can be expanded to accommodate jumbo jets for international flights. The said city also has industrial shipping ports and also has a naval base.

----------------------------------------- Annotation ---------------------------------------------------

Section 2. The Federal Government shall have the full control of the ports of entry and departure that may be established in each of all the seventeen States in the country; and any person, with prior arrangement, may enter or depart in any of the seventeen States where there is a secured international airport.

------------------------------------ Annotation -------------------------------------------------------

Annotation:

The purpose of this provision is to prevent a hostile community from framing up any hated passenger who may just end up sitting in jail in other country without having committed any crime or end up in the worst sentence of execution in other country without having committed any crime.

------------------------------------------- Annotation ------------------------------------------------

Section 3. The Federal Government shall have jurisdiction over the following:

(1)    military and police;

(2)    foreign affairs;

(3)    taxation on public employees and employees of companies;

(4)    Taxation on companies;

(5)    monetary policies;

(6)    invalidation of State Laws that do not conform with Federal Law;

(7)    settling conflicts between States such as conflict of laws;

(8)    deciding on cases regarding its officials and employees;

(9)    designating territorial and political subdivisions;

(10)  ____________________________________________________; and

(11)  Such other matters as may be authorized by law.

Section 4. The Federal Government shall only collect taxes from the items that are specified under its jurisdiction such as:

(1)    Taxes from foreign companies;

(2)    Specific imported products;

(3)    ______________

Section 5.___________________

ARTICLE VII

THE FEDERAL LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT

Section 1. The legislative power of the Federal Government shall be vested in the Congress of the Luzviminda which shall consist of a Senate and a House of Representatives, except to the extent reserved to the people by the provision on initiative and referendum, in which the people can directly propose laws or propose the rejection of any act or law or part thereof passed by any House but shall not be allowed to vote for a bill to become a law except in the ratification of a Constitution.

-------------------------------------- Annotation ----------------------------------------------

Annotation:

There may be no danger of allowing direct democracy in proposing laws or propose the rejection of any act or law or part thereof passed by Senate or House of Representatives but there is a great danger of allowing direct democracy in voting for a proposed bill or document to become laws other than the ratification of the Constitution that is drafted and debated by experts because the decision in direct democracy is based on number but not on intellectual deliberation since many of the voters in direct democracy have no expertise about the subject. This is like allowing the unlicensed majority to pilot an extra-large jumbo jet, making the great danger of catastrophe because of lack of expertise. If direct democracy will be allowed in making laws other than the ratification of a Constitution, many bad things may be legalized like dangerous drugs, prostitution, live sex show, video and printed pornography, and many others.

------------------------------------------ Annotation ------------------------------------------

Section 2. (1) The Senate shall be composed of Senators. The Members of the Senate, except the Senate President and the Senate Vice-President, shall be elected from each of the seventeen States by the qualified voters of the Philippines, as may be provided by law, in accordance with the number of their respective inhabitants, and on the basis of the State with the smallest population.

---------------------------------------- Annotation --------------------------------------------

Annotation:

The CPA-Lawyers who will finalize the new Cooperative-Federalism Constitution shall make adjustments in the number of positions as well as the amount of salaries if it is necessary to compensate for the scarcity of funds; and they may also postpone the application of the new positions even many years after the ratification of the new Cooperative-Federalism Constitution depending on the calculations vis-à-vis the projected income from the Government-Owned Corporations (GOCs) that shall be prioritized after the CFNTP has taken full control of the Government and as well as the other sources of funds of the Government.

These are the possible fair options for Section 2. Paragraph (1), of Article VII:

Option 1. The Members of the Senate, except the Senate President and the Senate Vice-President, shall be elected from the different States in accordance with the number of their respective inhabitants, and on the basis of the State with the smallest population; and this apportionment shall be applied immediately in the next election after the ratification of this new Cooperative-Federalism Constitution. The State with the smallest population is the State of Cordillera, which is 1,616,867, so the total population of each of the seventeen (17) States shall be divided with 1,616,867 and round the quotient to the nearest whole number; and this makes a total 58 Senators in the whole country except the Senate President and the Senate Vice-President who are elected separately and directly by the people in the whole Federation. The act of basing on the State with the smallest population is the lowest term of making fair apportionment on political influence; and even if the number of Senators will be doubled or tripled, the ratio of influence will be the same so it may just be a waste of money if it is doubled or tripled (more or less due to the possible difference that may be created by rounding but is not remarkable if the country is controlled by the seventy percent of the whole population).

Here is the computation:

(1)    The State Of Bangsamoro (Annotation: Formerly named as the “Autonomous Region For Muslim Mindanao” or ARMM): 3,256,140÷1,616,867 = 2 Senators (Rounded to the nearest whole number)

(2)    The State Of Bicolandia (Annotation: Formerly named as the “Bicol Region” or Region V):        5,420,411÷1,616,867 = 3 Senators (Rounded to the nearest whole number)

(3)    The State of Cagayan Valley (Annotation: Formerly named as the “Cagayan Valley” or Region V):   3,229,163÷1,616,867 = 2 Senators (Rounded to the nearest whole number)

(4)    The State of CALABARZON (Annotation: Formerly named as the “CALABARZON” or Region IV-A):          12,609,803÷1,616,867 = 8 Senators (Rounded to the nearest whole number)

(5)    The State of Caraga (Annotation: Formerly named as the “Caraga Region” or Region XIII):           2,429,224÷1,616,867 = 2 Senators (Rounded to the nearest whole number)

(6)    The State of Central Luzon (Annotation: Formerly named as the “Central Luzon” or Region III):    10,137,737÷1,616,867 = 6 Senators (Rounded to the nearest whole number)

(7)    The State of Central Visayas (Annotation: Formerly named as the “Central Visayas” or Region VII):   6,800,180÷1,616,867 = 4 Senators (Rounded to the nearest whole number)

(8)    The State of Cordillera (Annotation: Formerly named as the “Cordillera Administrative Region” or CAR): 1,616,867÷1,616,867 = 1 Senator (Rounded to the nearest whole number)

(9)    The State of Davao Land (Annotation: Formerly named as the “Davao Region” or Region XI):     4,468,563÷1,616,867 = 3 Senators (Rounded to the nearest whole number)

(10)  The State of Eastern Visayas (Annotation: Formerly named as the “Eastern Visayas” or Region VIII): 4,101,322÷1,616,867 = 3 Senators (Rounded to the nearest whole number)

(11)  The State of Ilocandia (Annotation: Formerly named as the “Ilocos Region” or Region I):         4,748,372÷1,616,867 = 3 Senators (Rounded to the nearest whole number)

(12)  The State of MIMAROPA (Annotation: Formerly named as the “MIMAROPA” or Region IV-B):     2,744,671÷1,616,867 = 2 Senators (Rounded to the nearest whole number)

(13)  The State of Metropolitan Manila (Annotation: Formerly named as the “National Capital Region” or NCR): 11,855,975÷1,616,867 = 7 Senators (Rounded to the nearest whole number)

(14)  The State of Northern Mindanao (Annotation: Formerly named as the “Northern Mindanao” or Region X): 4,297,323÷1,616,867 = 3 Senators (Rounded to the nearest whole number)

(15)  The State of SOCCSKSARGEN (Annotation: Formerly named as the “SOCCSKSARGEN” or Region XII): 4,109,571÷1,616,867 = 3 Senators (Rounded to the nearest whole number)

(16)  The State of Western Visayas (Annotation: Formerly named as the “Western Visayas” or Region VI): 7,102,438÷1,616,867 = 4 Senators (Rounded to the nearest whole number)

(17)  The State of Zamboanga Peninsula (Annotation: Formerly named as the “Zamboanga Peninsula” or Region IX): 3,407,353÷1,616,867 = 2 Senators (Rounded to the nearest whole number)

Total: 58 Senators (There are many additional Senators but it is the minimum number for fair or rightful apportionment. It is unfair to have twenty Senators in Metro Manila and nothing from other places in the country; and this injustice is facilitated by the 1987 Constitution. There are additional Senators but many redundant offices will be abolished like the presence of seats of Party-List Representatives and other offices; and this can produce a very large amount of money from the positions that were just wasting money since they are redundant and unfair.)

Option 2. The Members of the Senate, except the Senate President and the Senate Vice-President, shall be elected from the different states in accordance with the number of their respective inhabitants, and on the basis of the State with the smallest population; AND THIS APPORTIONMENT SHALL BE APPLIED THIRTY YEARS AFTER THE RATIFICATION of this new Cooperative-Federalism Constitution. The State with the smallest population is the State of Cordillera, which is 1,616,867, so the total population of each of the seventeen (17) States shall be divided with 1,616,867 and round the quotient to the nearest whole number; and makes a total 58 Senators in the whole country except the Senate President and the Senate Vice-President who are elected separately and directly by the people in the whole Federation. The act of basing on the State with the smallest population is the lowest term of making fair apportionment on political influence; and even if the number of Senators will be doubled or tripled in the situation of the country with a fully-grown CFNTP, the ratio of influence will be the same not because of mathematical exactness in rounding but because of the seventy percent (70%) majority.

Option 3. The Senate shall be composed of Senators from each of the seventeen states in at least one Senator per state ratio who shall be elected by the qualified voters of the respective states, as may be provided by law. In times of economic sufficiency, the Members of the Senate, except the Senate President and the Senate Vice-President, shall be elected from the different States in accordance with the number of their respective inhabitants, and on the basis of the State with the smallest population. This third option is designed for survival in times of economic crisis by providing only one senator per state during the crisis (One senator per state is better than taking twenty senators from Metro Manila and nothing from many other states or regions; and this was facilitated by the 1987 Constitution of the country.). During economic sufficiency, the proper apportionment is followed basing from the state with the smallest population. It may not good to follow the proper apportionment basing from the State with the smallest population during the times of crisis or deficits or enormous debts because the act of following the proper apportionment basing from the State with the smallest population will produce more than thirty Senators, which is a nightmare for the accountants in times of crisis.

Option 4. The Senate shall be composed of Senators from each of the seventeen states in at least one Senator per state ratio who shall be elected by the qualified voters of the respective states, as may be provided by law.

----------------------------------------- Annotation -------------------------------------------

 (2) There shall be a Senate President to preside the Senators. The Senate President shall not be allowed to vote; but only allowed to vote if there is a tie. There shall be a Senate Vice-President who shall take the duties of the Senate President if he is unable to perform his duty. The Senate President and the Senate Vice-President shall be elected by direct vote of the people in the entire Federation for a term of six years.

The Vice-President may be appointed as a Member of any Senate Legislative Committee. Such appointment requires no confirmation.

------------------------------------ Annotation ------------------------------------------------

Annotation:

                The purpose of having a presiding Senate President who is not allowed to vote and only allowed to vote if there is a tie is to avoid the situation where the Senate cannot proceed due to a tie, thereby causing inefficiency in governance.

-------------------------------------- Annotation ----------------------------------------------

(3) No person shall be a Senate President or Senate Vice-President unless he is a natural-born citizen of the Luzviminda and, on the day of the election, is at least thirty-five years of age, able to read and write, a registered voter, and a resident of the Luzviminda for not less than two years immediately preceding the day of the election.

Section 3. No person shall be a Member of the Senate, except the Senate President or Senate Vice-President, unless he is a natural-born citizen of the Luzviminda and, on the day of the election, is at least thirty-five years of age, able to read and write, a registered voter in the district in which he shall be elected, and a resident thereof for a period of not less than one year immediately preceding the day of the election.

---------------------------------------- Annotation --------------------------------------------

Annotation:

The qualification “able to read and write” is enough for a Senator to successfully work for the economic development if the Constitution is well-established and such good condition can provide a good guidance for the governmental activities. The well-established Constitution is like a well-established rail for a train that always keeps the train on the proper path; while a faulty Constitution is like a misplaced rail that derails the train and inflict suffering on the passengers if the Senator who is like a train operator is not super-intellectually capable to anticipate such accident.

----------------------------------------- Annotation -------------------------------------------

Section 4. The term of office of the Senators shall be six years and shall commence, unless otherwise provided by law, at noon on the thirtieth day of June next following their election. No Senator shall serve for more than two consecutive terms. Voluntary renunciation of the office for any length of time shall not be considered as an interruption in the continuity of his service for the full term of which he was elected.

Section 5. (1) The House of Representatives shall be composed of not more than two hundred and fifty members, unless otherwise fixed by law, who shall be elected from legislative districts apportioned among the provinces, cities, and the Metropolitan Manila area in accordance with the number of their respective inhabitants, and on the basis of a uniform and progressive ratio.

---------------------------------------- Annotation --------------------------------------------

Annotation:

This Cooperative-Federalism Constitution abolishes or bans the presence of Party-List Representatives in the House of Representatives and give the money that used to go to the abolished seats to free education.

Question 1: Why is it necessary to abolish or ban the presence of Party-List Representatives in the House of Representatives?

Answer: Because the presence of Party-List Representatives in the House of Representatives is a redundancy or duplication of exactly the same offices and exactly the same constituents from the different districts since the duty of a District Representative is to represent all the people in his district even those that can be considered as underprivileged or “marginalized communities”.

The act of duplicating the same office for the same constituents from the different districts is like saying that the District Representatives are not representing all their constituents. There shall be respect for the District Representatives.

Also, there is a big injustice if there are Party-List Representatives in the House of Representatives because the marginalized communities who also live from the different districts are represented twice in which they are represented first by the District Representative and secondly by the Party-List Representatives while the other co-equal people are only represented once.

And worst, the Government is spending a very large amount of money to fund the presence of Party-List Representatives in the House of Representatives that is an unfair redundancy or duplication of exactly the same offices and exactly the same constituents from the different districts.

Question 2: Why is it that the presence of the Party-List Representatives in the House of Representatives is a violation against the integrity of the law of the country?

Answer: Because the presence of Party-List Representatives in the House of Representatives violates the principle on the equality before the law as also provided by Section 14, Article II, of the 1987 Constitution since the so-called underprivileged or “marginalized communities” are represented twice in which they are represented first by the District Representative and secondly by the Party-List Representatives.

All Citizens shall be represented only once, or in an equal way, in the House of Representatives in order to uphold the equality before the law.

Question 3: Do the underprivileged or marginalized sectors deserve to have extra representation in the House of Representatives through the Party-List Representatives since they are underprivileged or marginalized?

Answer: No. Because the District Representatives have all the responsibility to represent all their constituents even those who are underprivileged or marginalized; and the extra representation violates the integrity of the law of the country since the presence of Party-List Representatives in the House of Representatives violates the principle on the equality before the law as also provided by Section 14, Article II, of the 1987 Constitution since the so-called underprivileged or “marginalized communities” are represented twice in which they are represented first by the District Representative and secondly by the Party-List Representatives while the other co-equal people are only represented once.

Question 4: Why should the Supreme Court of the Government under the 1987 Constitution recommend the abolition of the seats of the Party-List Representatives in the House of Representatives?

Answer: Because the presence of the Party-List Representatives in the House of Representatives is a violation against the integrity of the law of the country since the presence of Party-List Representatives in the House of Representatives violates the principle on the equality before the law of all human beings as also provided by Section 14, Article II, of the 1987 Constitution since the so-called “marginalized communities” are represented twice in which they are represented first by the District Representative and secondly by the Party-List Representatives while the other co-equal people are only represented once; and all Citizens shall be represented in an equal way in the House of Representatives in order to uphold the equality before the law.

Question 5: Is it fair and feasible to abolish the seats or presence of the Party-List Representatives in the Congress then give the money that used to go to the seats of the Party-List Representatives to free education?

Answer: Yes. It is fair to abolish the seats or presence of the Party-List Representatives in the Congress then give the money that used to go to the seats of the Party-List Representatives to free education because they are redundant offices and the District Representatives shall have the responsibility to represent all his constituents even those that belong to the marginalized sector; and it is feasible to abolish the seats or presence of the Party-List Representatives in the Congress then give the money that used to go to the seats of the Party-List Representatives to free education because it is possible to unite the seventy percent (70%) Non-Tagalogs in the whole country to take control of the Government by taking all the twenty-four seats in the Senate, the positions of the President and Vice-President, take the majority seats in the House of Representatives, and even take all the seats in the Supreme Court.

----------------------------------------- Annotation -------------------------------------------

(2) Each legislative district shall comprise, as far as practicable, contiguous, compact, and adjacent territory. Each city with a population of at least two hundred fifty thousand, or each province, shall have at least one representative.

(3) Within three years following the return of every census, the Congress shall make a reapportionment of legislative districts based on the standards provided in this section.

Section 6. (1) There shall be a Speaker to preside in the House of Representatives. The Speaker shall not be allowed to vote; but only allowed to vote if there is a tie. There shall be a Deputy Speaker who shall take the duties of the Speaker if he is unable to perform his duty. The Speaker and the Deputy Speaker shall be elected by direct vote of the people in the entire Federation.

The Deputy Speaker may be appointed as a Member of any House of Representatives Legislative Committee.

(2) No person shall be a Speaker or Deputy Speaker unless he is a natural-born citizen of the Luzviminda and, on the day of the election, is at least twenty-five years of age, able to read and write, a registered voter, and a resident of the Luzviminda for not less than two years immediately preceding the day of the election.

---------------------------------------- Annotation --------------------------------------------

Annotation:

The presence of a presiding officer who is not allowed to vote but only allowed to vote if there is a tie avoids the stopping or inefficiency in operation of a governmental body.

----------------------------------------- Annotation -------------------------------------------

Section 7. No person shall be a Member of the House of Representatives, except the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker, unless he is a natural-born citizen of the Luzviminda and, on the day of the election, is at least twenty-five years of age, able to read and write, and a registered voter in the district in which he shall be elected, and a resident thereof for a period of not less than one year immediately preceding the day of the election.

Section 8. The Members of the House of Representatives shall be elected for a term of three years which shall begin, unless otherwise provided by law, at noon on the thirtieth day of June next following their election. No Member of the House of Representatives shall serve for more than three consecutive terms. Voluntary renunciation of the office for any length of time shall not be considered as an interruption in the continuity of his service for the full term for which he was elected.

Section 9. Unless otherwise provided by law, the regular election of the Members of the Senate and the Members of the House of Representatives shall be held on the second Monday of May.

Section 10. In case of vacancy in the Senate or in the House of Representatives, a special election may be called to fill such vacancy in the manner prescribed by law, but the Member of the Senate or Member of the House of Representatives thus elected shall serve only for the unexpired term.

Section 11. The salaries of Members of the Senate and Members of the House of Representatives shall be determined by law. No increase in said compensation shall take effect until after the expiration of the full term of all the Members of the Senate and the House of Representatives approving such increase.

Section 12. A Member of the Senate or Member of the House of Representatives shall, in all offenses punishable by not more than six years imprisonment, be privileged from arrest while the Congress is in session. No Member shall be questioned nor be held liable in any other place for any speech or debate in the Congress or in any committee thereof.

Section 13. All Members of the Senate and the House of Representatives shall, upon assumption of office, make a full disclosure of their financial and business interests. They shall notify the House concerned of a potential conflict of interest that may arise from the filing of a proposed legislation of which they are authors.

Section 14. No Member of the Senate or Member of the House of Representatives may hold any other office or employment in the Federal Government, or any subdivision, agency, or instrumentality thereof, including government-owned or controlled corporations or their subsidiaries, during his term without forfeiting his seat. Neither shall he be appointed to any office which may have been created or the emoluments thereof increased during the term for which he was elected.

Section 15. No Member of the Senate or Member of the House of Representatives may personally appear as counsel before any court of justice or before the Electoral Tribunals, or quasi-judicial and other administrative bodies. Neither shall he, directly or indirectly, be interested financially in any contract with, or in any franchise or special privilege granted by the Federal Government, or any subdivision, agency, or instrumentality thereof, including any government-owned or controlled corporation, or its subsidiary, during his term of office. He shall not intervene in any matter before any office of the Federal Government for his pecuniary benefit or where he may be called upon to act on account of his office.

Section 16. The Congress shall convene once every year on the fourth Monday of July for its regular session, unless a different date is fixed by law, and shall continue to be in session for such number of days as it may determine until thirty days before the opening of its next regular session, exclusive of Saturdays, Sundays, and legal holidays. The Federal Executive Council may call a special session at any time.

Section 17. (1) The Senate and the House of Representatives shall choose their other officers as it may deem necessary.

(2) A majority of each House shall constitute a quorum to do business, but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day and may compel the attendance of absent Members in such manner, and under such penalties, as such House may provide.

(3) Each House may determine the rules of its proceedings, punish its Members for disorderly behavior, and, with the concurrence of two-thirds of all its Members, suspend or expel a Member. A penalty of suspension, when imposed, shall not exceed sixty days.

(4) Each House shall keep a Journal of its proceedings, and from time to time publish the same, excepting such parts as may, in its judgment, affect national security; and the yeas and nays on any question shall, at the request of one-fifth of the Members present, be entered in the Journal. Each House shall also keep a Record of its proceedings.

(5) Neither House during the sessions of the Congress shall, without the consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other place than that in which the two Houses shall be sitting.

Section 18. The Senate and the House of Representatives shall each have an Electoral Tribunal which shall be the sole judge of all contests relating to the election, returns, and qualifications of their respective Members. Each Electoral Tribunal shall be composed of nine Members, three of whom shall be Justices of the Federal Supreme Court to be designated by the Chief Justice, and the remaining six shall be Members of the Senate or the House of Representatives, as the case may be, who shall be chosen on the basis of proportional representation from the political parties and the parties or organizations registered under the party-list system represented therein. The senior Justice in the Electoral Tribunal shall be its Chairman.

Section 19. There shall be a Commission on Appointments consisting of the President of the Senate, as ex officio Chairman, twelve Senators, and twelve Members of the House of Representatives, elected by each House on the basis of proportional representation from the political parties and parties or organizations registered under the party-list system represented therein. The chairman of the Commission shall not vote, except in case of a tie. The Commission shall act on all appointments submitted to it within thirty session days of the Congress from their submission. The Commission shall rule by a majority vote of all the Members.

Section 20. The Electoral Tribunals and the Commission on Appointments shall be constituted within _____ days ______. The Commission on Appointments shall meet only while the Congress is in session, at the call of its Chairman or a majority of all its Members, to discharge such powers and functions as are herein conferred upon it.

Section 21. The records and books of accounts of the Congress shall be preserved and be open to the public in accordance with law, and such books shall be audited by the Commission on Audit which shall publish annually an itemized list of amounts paid to and expenses incurred for each Member.

Section 22. The Senate or the House of Representatives or any of its respective committees may conduct inquiries in aid of legislation in accordance with its duly published rules of procedure. The rights of persons appearing in, or affected by, such inquiries shall be respected.

Section 23. The heads of departments may, upon their own initiative, with the consent of the Federal Executive Council, or upon the request of either House, as the rules of each House shall provide, appear before and be heard by such House on any matter pertaining to their departments. Written questions shall be submitted to the President of the Senate or the Speaker of the House of Representatives at least three days before their scheduled appearance. Interpellations shall not be limited to written questions, but may cover matters related thereto. When the security of the Federation or the public interest so requires and the Federal Executive Council so states in writing, the appearance shall be conducted in executive session.

Section 24. (1) The Congress, by a vote of two-thirds of both Houses in joint session assembled, voting separately, shall have the sole power to declare the existence of a state of war.

(2) In times of war or other national emergency, the Congress may, by law, authorize the Federal Executive Council, for a limited period and subject to such restrictions as it may prescribe, to exercise powers necessary and proper to carry out a declared national policy. Unless sooner withdrawn by resolution of the Congress, such powers shall cease upon the next adjournment thereof.

Section 25. All appropriation, revenue or tariff bills, bills authorizing increase of the public debt, bills of local application, and private bills, shall originate exclusively in the House of Representatives, but the Senate may propose or concur with amendments.

Section 26. (1) The Congress may not increase the appropriations recommended by the Federal Executive Council for the operation of the Federal Government as specified in the budget. The form, content, and manner of preparation of the budget shall be prescribed by law.

(2) No provision or enactment shall be embraced in the general appropriations bill unless it relates specifically to some particular appropriation therein. Any such provision or enactment shall be limited in its operation to the appropriation to which it relates.

(3) The procedure in approving appropriations for the Congress shall strictly follow the procedure for approving appropriations for other departments and agencies.

(4) A special appropriations bill shall specify the purpose for which it is intended, and shall be supported by funds actually available as certified by the National Treasurer, or to be raised by a corresponding revenue proposal therein.

(5) No law shall be passed authorizing any transfer of appropriations; however, the Federal Executive Council, the President of the Senate, the Speaker of the House of Representatives, the Chief Justice of the Federal Supreme Court, and the heads of Constitutional Commissions may, by law, be authorized to augment any item in the general appropriations law for their respective offices from savings in other items of their respective appropriations.

(6) Discretionary funds appropriated for particular officials shall be disbursed only for public purposes to be supported by appropriate vouchers and subject to such guidelines as may be prescribed by law.

(7) If, by the end of any fiscal year, the Congress shall have failed to pass the general appropriations bill for the ensuing fiscal year, the general appropriations law for the preceding fiscal year shall be deemed re-enacted and shall remain in force and effect until the general appropriations bill is passed by the Congress.

Section 27. (1) Every bill passed by the Congress shall embrace only one subject which shall be expressed in the title thereof.

(2) No bill passed by either House shall become a law unless it has passed three readings on separate days, and printed copies thereof in its final form have been distributed to its Members three days before its passage, except when the Federal Executive Council certifies to the necessity of its immediate enactment to meet a public calamity or emergency. Upon the last reading of a bill, no amendment thereto shall be allowed, and the vote thereon shall be taken immediately thereafter, and the yeas and nays entered in the Journal.

Section 28. (1) Every bill passed by the Congress shall, before it becomes a law, be presented to the Federal Executive Council. If the Federal Executive Council approves the same they shall let it signed by the President; otherwise, the Federal Executive Council shall veto it and return the same with the objections of the Federal Executive Council to the House where it originated, which shall enter the objections at large in its Journal and proceed to reconsider it. If, after such reconsideration, two-thirds of all the Members of such House shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, together with the objections, to the other House by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if approved by two-thirds of all the Members of that House, it shall become a law. In all such cases, the votes of each House shall be determined by yeas or nays, and the names of the Members voting for or against shall be entered in its Journal. The Federal Executive Council shall communicate its veto of any bill to the House where it originated within thirty days after the date of receipt thereof, otherwise, it shall become a law as if he had signed it.

(2) The Federal Executive Council shall have the power to veto any particular item or items in an appropriation, revenue, or tariff bill, but the veto shall not affect the item or items to which he does not object.

Section 29. (1) The rule of taxation shall be uniform and equitable. The Congress shall evolve a progressive system of taxation.

(2) The Congress may, by law, authorize the Federal Executive Council to fix within specified limits, and subject to such limitations and restrictions as it may impose, tariff rates, import and export quotas, tonnage and wharfage dues, and other duties or imposts within the framework of the national development program of the Federal Government.

(3) Charitable institutions, churches and personages or convents appurtenant thereto, mosques, non-profit cemeteries, and all lands, buildings, and improvements, actually, directly, and exclusively used for religious, charitable, or educational purposes shall be exempt from taxation.

(4) No law granting any tax exemption shall be passed without the concurrence of a majority of all the Members of the Congress.

Section 30. (1) No money shall be paid out of the Treasury except in pursuance of an appropriation made by law.

(2) No public money or property shall be appropriated, applied, paid, or employed, directly or indirectly, for the use, benefit, or support of any sect, church, denomination, sectarian institution, or system of religion, or of any priest, preacher, minister, other religious teacher, or dignitary as such, except when such priest, preacher, minister, or dignitary is assigned to the armed forces, or to any penal institution, or government orphanage or leprosarium.

(3) All money collected on any tax levied for a special purpose shall be treated as a special fund and paid out for such purpose only. If the purpose for which a special fund was created has been fulfilled or abandoned, the balance, if any, shall be transferred to the general funds of the Federation.

Section 31. No law shall be passed increasing the appellate jurisdiction of the Federal Supreme Court as provided in this Constitution without its advice and concurrence.

Section 32. No law granting a title of royalty or nobility shall be enacted.

Section 33. The Congress shall, as early as possible, provide for a system of initiative and referendum, and the exceptions therefrom, whereby the people can directly propose and enact laws or approve or reject any act or law or part thereof passed by the Congress or local legislative body after the registration of a petition therefor signed by at least ten per centum of the total number of registered voters, of which every legislative district must be represented by at least three per centum of the registered voters thereof.

ARTICLE VIII

THE FEDERAL EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT

Section 1. (1) The executive power of the Federal Government shall be vested in the Federal Executive Council. The Federal Executive Council shall be composed of Federal Executives. The Members of the Federal Executive Council, except the President and the Vice-President, shall be elected from each of the seventeen States by the qualified voters of the Philippines, as may be provided by law, with one Federal Executive per State ratio.

------------------------------------ Annotation ------------------------------------------------

Annotation:

The CPA-Lawyers who will finalize the new Cooperative-Federalism Constitution shall make adjustments in the number of positions as well as the amount of salaries if it is necessary to compensate for the scarcity of funds; and they may also postpone the application of the new positions even many years after the ratification of the new Cooperative-Federalism Constitution depending on the calculations vis-à-vis the projected income from the Government-Owned Corporations (GOCs) that shall be prioritized after the CFNTP has taken full control of the Government and as well as the other sources of funds of the Government.

-------------------------------------- Annotation ----------------------------------------------

(2)    There shall be a President to preside the Federal Executives. The President shall not be allowed to vote; but only allowed to vote if there is a tie. In cases where the Federal Executive Council is impossible to convene, the executive power shall be vested solely on the President and his actions shall be valid until revoked by the Federal Executive Council.

------------------------------------ Annotation ------------------------------------------------

Annotation:

                This form of federal executive body is adopted from the Roman Law before the reign of Caesar before the Triumvirate when there was a time of peace inside the Roman national government since no single leader in the Republic could grab a greater power than the other leaders; it was the time when the national governmental powers in Rome (around Vatican today) were distributed equally, or more or less equally, among the leaders and created a reign of peace. The Roman Republic finally collapsed when the Roman military general Caesar took power by force and concentrated enormous powers into himself. The enormous concentration of power into one person can be seen in the government established by the United States Of America after gaining independence from the Kingdom Of Great Britain that has a President who has the great Executive Powers and great powers on the Armed Forces. This form of government was adopted for the whole archipelago composed of Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao by the selected delegates in the country when they drafted the 1987 Constitution, which was ratified and is still used today.              

One person to represent the Region or State in the Federal Executive Council to speak as a “President” may be enough for every State. This ratio may also be helpful to the budget since there are only seventeen people except the President and the Vice-President who are elected separately and directly by the people in the entire Federation.

The presence of a presiding officer who is not allowed to vote but only allowed to vote if there is a tie avoids the stopping or inefficiency in operation of a governmental body.

-------------------------------------- Annotation ----------------------------------------------

Section 2. (1) No person shall be a Federal Executive, except the President or the Vice-President, unless he is a natural-born citizen of the Luzviminda and, on the day of the election, is at least forty years of age, able to read and write, a registered voter, and a resident of the State where he is representing for not less than two years immediately preceding the day of the election.

---------------------------------------- Annotation --------------------------------------------

Annotation:

The qualification “able to read and write” is enough for a Senator to successfully work for the economic development if the Constitution is well-established and such good condition can provide a good guidance for the governmental activities. The well-established Constitution is like a well-established rail for a train that always keeps the train on the proper path; while a faulty Constitution is like a misplaced rail that derails the train and inflict suffering on the passengers if the Senator who is like a train operator is not super-intellectually capable to anticipate such accident.

----------------------------------------- Annotation -------------------------------------------

(2) No person may be elected President unless he is a natural-born citizen of the Luzviminda, a registered voter, able to read and write, at least forty years of age on the day of the election, and a resident of the Luzviminda for at least ten years immediately preceding such election.

Section 3. There shall be a Vice-President who shall have the same qualifications and term of office and be elected with, and in the same manner, as the President. He may be removed from office in the same manner as the President.

The Vice-President may be appointed as a Member of any Executive Committee. Such appointment requires no confirmation.

Section 4. The President and the Vice-President shall be elected by direct vote of the people in the entire Federation for a term of six years which shall begin at noon on the thirtieth day of June next following the day of the election and shall end at noon of the same date, six years thereafter. The President shall not be eligible for any re-election. No person who has succeeded as President and has served as such for more than four years shall be qualified for election to the same office at any time.

No Vice-President shall serve for more than two successive terms. Voluntary renunciation of the office for any length of time shall not be considered as an interruption in the continuity of the service for the full term for which he was elected.

Unless otherwise provided by law, the regular election for President and Vice-President shall be held on the second Monday of May.

The returns of every election for President and Vice-President, duly certified by the board of canvassers of each province or city, shall be transmitted to the Congress, directed to the President of the Senate. Upon receipt of the certificates of canvass, the President of the Senate shall, not later than thirty days after the day of the election, open all the certificates in the presence of the Senate and the House of Representatives in joint public session, and the Congress, upon determination of the authenticity and due execution thereof in the manner provided by law, canvass the votes.

The person having the highest number of votes shall be proclaimed elected, but in case two or more shall have an equal and highest number of votes, one of them shall forthwith be chosen by the vote of a majority of all the Members of both Houses of the Congress, voting separately.

The Congress shall promulgate its rules for the canvassing of the certificates.

The Fedral Supreme Court, sitting en banc, shall be the sole judge of all contests relating to the election, returns, and qualifications of the President or Vice-President, and may promulgate its rules for the purpose.

Section 5. Before they enter on the execution of their office, the President, the Vice-President, or the Acting President shall take the following oath or affirmation:

"I do solemnly swear [or affirm] that I will faithfully and conscientiously fulfill my duties as President [or Vice-President or Acting President] of the Luzviminda, preserve and defend its Constitution, execute its laws, do justice to every man, and consecrate myself to the service of the Nation. So help me God." [In case of affirmation, last sentence will be omitted].

Section 6. The President shall have an official residence. The salaries of the President and Vice-President shall be determined by law and shall not be decreased during their tenure. No increase in said compensation shall take effect until after the expiration of the term of the incumbent during which such increase was approved. They shall not receive during their tenure any other emolument from the Government or any other source.

Section 7. The President-elect and the Vice President-elect shall assume office at the beginning of their terms.

If the President-elect fails to qualify, the Vice President-elect shall act as President until the President-elect shall have qualified.

If a President shall not have been chosen, the Vice President-elect shall act as President until a President shall have been chosen and qualified.

If at the beginning of the term of the President, the President-elect shall have died or shall have become permanently disabled, the Vice President-elect shall become President.

Where no President and Vice-President shall have been chosen or shall have qualified, or where both shall have died or become permanently disabled, the President of the Senate or, in case of his inability, the Speaker of the House of Representatives, shall act as President until a President or a Vice-President shall have been chosen and qualified.

The Congress shall, by law, provide for the manner in which one who is to act as President shall be selected until a President or a Vice-President shall have qualified, in case of death, permanent disability, or inability of the officials mentioned in the next preceding paragraph.

Section 8. In case of death, permanent disability, removal from office, or resignation of the President, the Vice-President shall become the President to serve the unexpired term. In case of death, permanent disability, removal from office, or resignation of both the President and Vice-President, the President of the Senate or, in case of his inability, the Speaker of the House of Representatives, shall then act as President until the President or Vice-President shall have been elected and qualified.

The Congress shall, by law, provide who shall serve as President in case of death, permanent disability, or resignation of the Acting President. He shall serve until the President or the Vice-President shall have been elected and qualified, and be subject to the same restrictions of powers and disqualifications as the Acting President.

Section 9. Whenever there is a vacancy in the Office of the Vice-President during the term for which he was elected, the President shall nominate a Vice-President from among the Members of the Senate and the House of Representatives who shall assume office upon confirmation by a majority vote of all the Members of both Houses of the Congress, voting separately.

Section 10. The Congress shall, at ten o'clock in the morning of the third day after the vacancy in the offices of the President and Vice-President occurs, convene in accordance with its rules without need of a call and within seven days, enact a law calling for a special election to elect a President and a Vice-President to be held not earlier than forty-five days nor later than sixty days from the time of such call. The bill calling such special election shall be deemed certified under ______ Section ___, Article ___ of this Constitution and shall become law upon its approval on third reading by the Congress. Appropriations for the special election shall be charged against any current appropriations and shall be exempt from the requirements of ______ Section ___, Article ___ of this Constitution. The convening of the Congress cannot be suspended nor the special election postponed. No special election shall be called if the vacancy occurs within eighteen months before the date of the next presidential election.

Section 11. Whenever the President transmits to the President of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives his written declaration that he is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office, and until he transmits to them a written declaration to the contrary, such powers and duties shall be discharged by the Vice-President as Acting President.

Whenever the President transmit to the President of the Senate and to the Speaker of the House of Representatives their written declaration that the President is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office, the Vice-President shall immediately assume the powers and duties of the office as Acting President.

Thereafter, when the President transmits to the President of the Senate and to the Speaker of the House of Representatives his written declaration that no inability exists, he shall reassume the powers and duties of his office. Meanwhile, should a majority of all the Members of the Federal Executive Council transmit within five days to the President of the Senate and to the Speaker of the House of Representatives, their written declaration that the President is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office, the Congress shall decide the issue. For that purpose, the Congress shall convene, if it is not in session, within forty-eight hours, in accordance with its rules and without need of call.

If the Congress, within ten days after receipt of the last written declaration, or, if not in session, within twelve days after it is required to assemble, determines by a two-thirds vote of both Houses, voting separately, that the President is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office, the Vice-President shall act as President; otherwise, the President shall continue exercising the powers and duties of his office.

Section 12. In case of serious illness of the President, the public shall be informed of the state of his health. The members of the Federal Executive Council, remaining as the ones who are in charge of national security and foreign relations and the Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Luzviminda, shall not be denied access to the President during such illness.

Section 13. The President, Vice-President, the Members of the Federal Executive Council, and their deputies or assistants shall not, unless otherwise provided in this Constitution, hold any other office or employment during their tenure. They shall not, during said tenure, directly or indirectly, practice any other profession, participate in any business, or be financially interested in any contract with, or in any franchise, or special privilege granted by the Government or any subdivision, agency, or instrumentality thereof, including government-owned or controlled corporations or their subsidiaries. They shall strictly avoid conflict of interest in the conduct of their office.

The spouse and relatives by consanguinity or affinity within the fourth civil degree of the President shall not, during his tenure, be appointed as Members of the Constitutional Commissions, or the Office of the Ombudsman, or as Secretaries, Undersecretaries, chairmen or heads of bureaus or offices, including government-owned or controlled corporations and their subsidiaries. 

Section 14. Appointments extended by an Acting President shall remain effective, unless revoked by the elected President, within ninety days from his assumption or reassumption of office.

Section 15. Two months immediately before the next presidential elections and up to the end of his term, a President or Acting President shall not make appointments, except temporary appointments to executive positions when continued vacancies therein will prejudice public service or endanger public safety.

Section 16. The Federal Executive Council shall nominate and, with the consent of the Commission on Appointments, appoint the heads of the executive departments, ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, or officers of the armed forces from the rank of colonel or naval captain, and other officers whose appointments are vested in him in this Constitution. He shall also appoint all other officers of the Government whose appointments are not otherwise provided for by law, and those whom he may be authorized by law to appoint. The Congress may, by law, vest the appointment of other officers lower in rank in the President alone, in the courts, or in the heads of departments, agencies, commissions, or boards.

The Federal Executive Council shall have the power to make appointments during the recess of the Congress, whether voluntary or compulsory, but such appointments shall be effective only until disapproved by the Commission on Appointments or until the next adjournment of the Congress.

Section 17. The Federal Executive Council shall have control of all the executive departments, bureaus, and offices. It shall ensure that the laws be faithfully executed.

Section 18. The Federal Executive Council shall be the Commander-in-Chief of all armed forces of the Luzviminda and whenever it becomes necessary, it may call out such armed forces to prevent or suppress lawless violence, invasion or rebellion. In case of invasion or rebellion, when the public safety requires it, the Federal Executive Council may, for a period not exceeding sixty days, suspend the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus or place the Luzviminda or any part thereof under martial law. Within forty-eight hours from the proclamation of martial law or the suspension of the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus, the Federal Executive Council shall submit a report in person or in writing to the Congress. The Congress, voting jointly, by a vote of at least a majority of all its Members in regular or special session, may revoke such proclamation or suspension, which revocation shall not be set aside by the Federal Executive Council. Upon the initiative of the Federal Executive Council, the Congress may, in the same manner, extend such proclamation or suspension for a period to be determined by the Congress, if the invasion or rebellion shall persist and public safety requires it.

In cases of where it is impossible for the Federal Executive Council convene to decide for an emergency such as invasion, the President may act as the Commander-in-Chief of all armed forces of the Luzviminda and all his commands are valid until revoked by the Federal Executive Council; and in case the President is unable to give commands, the military shall take in charge until revoked by the Federal Executive Council.

The Congress, if not in session, shall, within twenty-four hours following such proclamation or suspension, convene in accordance with its rules without need of a call.

The Federal Supreme Court may review, in an appropriate proceeding filed by any citizen, the sufficiency of the factual basis of the proclamation of martial law or the suspension of the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus or the extension thereof, and must promulgate its decision thereon within thirty days from its filing.

A state of martial law does not suspend the operation of the Constitution, nor supplant the functioning of the civil courts or legislative assemblies, nor authorize the conferment of jurisdiction on military courts and agencies over civilians where civil courts are able to function, nor automatically suspend the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus.

The suspension of the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall apply only to persons judicially charged for rebellion or offenses inherent in, or directly connected with, invasion.

During the suspension of the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus, any person thus arrested or detained shall be judicially charged within three days, otherwise he shall be released.

Section 19. Except in cases of impeachment, or as otherwise provided in this Constitution, the Federal Executive Council may grant reprieves, commutations, and pardons, and remit fines and forfeitures, after conviction by final judgment.

He shall also have the power to grant amnesty with the concurrence of a majority of all the Members of the Congress.

Section 20. The Federal Executive Council may contract or guarantee foreign loans on behalf of the Federal Republic Of The Luzviminda with the prior concurrence of the Monetary Board, and subject to such limitations as may be provided by law. The Monetary Board shall, within thirty days from the end of every quarter of the calendar year, submit to the Congress a complete report of its decision on applications for loans to be contracted or guaranteed by the Government or government-owned and controlled corporations which would have the effect of increasing the foreign debt, and containing other matters as may be provided by law.

Section 21. The President, in behalf of the Federal Executive Council, may conduct treaties or international agreement with strict compliance to the guidelines set by the Federal Executive Council. No treaty or international agreement shall be valid and effective unless concurred in by at least two-thirds of all the Members of the Senate.

Section 22. The Federal Executive Council shall submit to the Congress, within thirty days from the opening of every regular session as the basis of the general appropriations bill, a budget of expenditures and sources of financing, including receipts from existing and proposed revenue measures.

Section 23. The President shall address the Congress at the opening of its regular session. He may also appear before it at any other time.

ARTICLE IX

THE FEDERAL JUDICIAL DEPARTMENT

Section 1. The judicial power of the Federal Government shall be vested in one Federal Supreme Court and in such lower courts as may be established by law.

The judicial power of the Federal Government includes the duty of the courts of justice to settle actual controversies involving legal conflicts between states, and to determine whether or not the laws created by the State Legislative Department is valid under the principle of preemption.

Section 2. The Congress shall have the power to define, prescribe, and apportion the jurisdiction of the various courts but may not deprive the Federal Supreme Court of its jurisdiction over cases enumerated in Section 5 hereof.

No law shall be passed reorganizing the Judiciary when it undermines the security of tenure of its Members.

Section 3. The Federal Judiciary shall enjoy fiscal autonomy. Appropriations for the Judiciary may not be reduced by the legislature below the amount appropriated for the previous year and, after approval, shall be automatically and regularly released.

Section 4. (1) The Federal Supreme Court shall be composed of a Chief Justice and ten Associate Justices. It may sit en banc or in its discretion, in division of three or five Members. Any vacancy shall be filled within ninety days from the occurrence thereof.

------------------------------------ Annotation ------------------------------------------------

Annotation:

The CPA-Lawyers who will finalize the new Cooperative-Federalism Constitution shall make adjustments in the number of positions as well as the amount of salaries if it is necessary to compensate for the scarcity of funds; and they may also postpone the application of the new positions even many years after the ratification of the new Cooperative-Federalism Constitution depending on the calculations vis-à-vis the projected income from the Government-Owned Corporations (GOCs) that shall be prioritized after the CFNTP has taken full control of the Government and as well as the other sources of funds of the Government.

-------------------------------------- Annotation ----------------------------------------------

(2) All cases involving the constitutionality of a treaty, international or executive agreement, or law, which shall be heard by the Federal Supreme Court en banc, and all other cases which under the Rules of Court are required to be heard en banc, including those involving the constitutionality, application, or operation of presidential decrees, proclamations, orders, instructions, ordinances, and other regulations, shall be decided with the concurrence of a majority of the Members who actually took part in the deliberations on the issues in the case and voted thereon.

(3) Cases or matters heard by a division shall be decided or resolved with the concurrence of a majority of the Members who actually took part in the deliberations on the issues in the case and voted thereon, and in no case without the concurrence of at least three of such Members. When the required number is not obtained, the case shall be decided en banc: Provided, that no doctrine or principle of law laid down by the court in a decision rendered en banc or in division may be modified or reversed except by the court sitting en banc.

Section 5. The Federal Supreme Court shall have the following powers:

1) Exercise original jurisdiction over cases affecting the Federal Government, conflict of jurisdiction between states, and any cases outside the defined jurisdiction of the State.

(2) Review, revise, reverse, modify, or affirm on appeal or certiorari, as the law or the Rules of Court may provide, final judgments and orders of lower courts in:

(a) All cases in which the constitutionality or validity of any treaty, international or executive agreement, law, presidential decree, proclamation, order, instruction, ordinance, or regulation is in question.

(b) All cases involving the legality of any tax, impost, assessment, or toll, or any penalty imposed in relation thereto.

(c) All cases in which the jurisdiction of any lower court in the Federal Government is in issue.

(d) All cases in which only an error or question of law is involved.

(3) Assign temporarily judges of lower courts to other stations as public interest may require. Such temporary assignment shall not exceed six months without the consent of the judge concerned.

(4) Order a change of venue or place of trial to avoid a miscarriage of justice.

(5) Promulgate rules concerning the protection and enforcement of constitutional rights, pleading, practice, and procedure in all courts, the admission to the practice of law, the integrated bar, and legal assistance to the under-privileged. Such rules shall provide a simplified and inexpensive procedure for the speedy disposition of cases, shall be uniform for all courts of the same grade, and shall not diminish, increase, or modify substantive rights. Rules of procedure of special courts and quasi-judicial bodies shall remain effective unless disapproved by the Federal Supreme Court. 

(6) Appoint all officials and employees of the Federal Judiciary in accordance with the Civil Service Law.

Section 6. The Federal Supreme Court shall have administrative supervision over all courts and the personnel thereof.

Section 7. (1) No person shall be appointed Member of the Federal Supreme Court or any lower collegiate court unless he is a natural-born citizen of the Luzviminda. A Member of the Federal Supreme Court must be at least forty years of age, and must have been for fifteen years or more, a judge of a lower court or engaged in the practice of law in the Luzviminda.

(2) The Congress shall prescribe the qualifications of judges of lower courts, but no person may be appointed judge thereof unless he is a citizen of the Luzviminda and a member of the Luzvimindan Bar.

(3) A Member of the Federal Judiciary must be a person of proven competence, integrity, probity, and independence.

Section 8. (1) A Judicial and Bar Council is hereby created under the supervision of the Federal Supreme Court composed of the Chief Justice as ex officio Chairman, the Federal Secretary of Justice, and a representative of the Congress as ex officio Members, a representative of the Integrated Bar, a professor of law, a retired Member of the Federal Supreme Court, and a representative of the private sector.

(2) The regular members of the Council shall be appointed by the President for a term of four years with the consent of the Commission on Appointments. Of the Members first appointed, the representative of the Integrated Bar shall serve for four years, the professor of law for three years, the retired Justice for two years, and the representative of the private sector for one year. 

(3) The Clerk of the Federal Supreme Court shall be the Secretary ex officio of the Council and shall keep a record of its proceedings.

(4) The regular Members of the Council shall receive such emoluments as may be determined by the Federal Supreme Court. The Federal Supreme Court shall provide in its annual budget the appropriations for the Council.

(5) The Council shall have the principal function of recommending appointees to the Judiciary. It may exercise such other functions and duties as the Federal Supreme Court may assign to it.

Section 9. The Members of the Federal Supreme Court and judges of the lower courts shall be appointed by the Federal Executive Council from a list of at least three nominees prepared by the Judicial and Bar Council for every vacancy. Such appointments need no confirmation.

For the lower courts, the Federal Executive Council shall issue the appointments within ninety days from the submission of the list.

Section 10. The salary of the Chief Justice and of the Associate Justices of the Federal Supreme Court, and of judges of lower courts, shall be fixed by law. During their continuance in office, their salary shall not be decreased.

Section 11. The Members of the Federal Supreme Court and judges of lower courts shall hold office during good behavior until they reach the age of seventy years or become incapacitated to discharge the duties of their office. The Supreme Court en banc shall have the power to discipline judges of lower courts, or order their dismissal by a vote of a majority of the Members who actually took part in the deliberations on the issues in the case and voted thereon.

Section 12. The Members of the Federal Supreme Court and of other courts established by law shall not be designated to any agency performing quasi-judicial or administrative functions.

Section 13. The conclusions of the Federal Supreme Court in any case submitted to it for decision en banc or in division shall be reached in consultation before the case is assigned to a Member for the writing of the opinion of the Court. A certification to this effect signed by the Chief Justice shall be issued and a copy thereof attached to the record of the case and served upon the parties. Any Members who took no part, or dissented, or abstained from a decision or resolution, must state the reason therefor. The same requirements shall be observed by all lower collegiate courts. 

Section 14. No decision shall be rendered by any court without expressing therein clearly and distinctly the facts and the law on which it is based.

No petition for review or motion for reconsideration of a decision of the court shall be refused due course or denied without stating the legal basis therefor.

Section 15. (1) All cases or matters filed after the effectivity of this Constitution must be decided or resolved within twenty-four months from date of submission for the Federal Supreme Court, and, unless reduced by the Federal Supreme Court, twelve months for all lower collegiate courts, and three months for all other lower courts.

(2) A case or matter shall be deemed submitted for decision or resolution upon the filing of the last pleading, brief, or memorandum required by the Rules of Court or by the court itself.

(3) Upon the expiration of the corresponding period, a certification to this effect signed by the Federal Chief Justice or the presiding judge shall forthwith be issued and a copy thereof attached to the record of the case or matter, and served upon the parties. The certification shall state why a decision or resolution has not been rendered or issued within said period.

(4) Despite the expiration of the applicable mandatory period, the court, without prejudice to such responsibility as may have been incurred in consequence thereof, shall decide or resolve the case or matter submitted thereto for determination, without further delay.

Section 16. The Federal Supreme Court shall, within thirty days from the opening of each regular session of the Congress, submit to the Federal Executive Council and the Congress an annual report on the operations and activities of the Federal Judiciary.

ARTICLE X

GENERAL PROVISIONS FOR THE STATE GOVERNMENT

Section 1. The Luzvimindan Territory is subdivided into seventeen States, namely:

(1)    The State Of Bangsamoro (Annotation: Formerly named as the “Autonomous Region For Muslim Mindanao” or ARMM)

(2)    The State Of Bicolandia (Annotation: Formerly named as the “Bicol Region” or Region V)

(3)    The State of Cagayan Valley (Annotation: Formerly named as the “Bicol Region” or Region V)

(4)    The State of CALABARZON (Annotation: Formerly named as the “CALABARZON” or Region IV-A)

(5)    The State of Caraga (Annotation: Formerly named as the “Caraga Region” or Region XIII)

(6)    The State of Central Luzon (Annotation: Formerly named as the “Central Luzon” or Region III)

(7)    The State of Central Visayas (Annotation: Formerly named as the “Central Visayas” or Region VII)

(8)    The State of Cordillera (Annotation: Formerly named as the “Cordillera Administrative Region” or CAR)

(9)    The State of Davao Land (Annotation: Formerly named as the “Davao Region” or Region XI)

(10)  The State of Eastern Visayas (Annotation: Formerly named as the “Eastern Visayas” or Region VIII)

(11)  The State of Ilocandia (Annotation: Formerly named as the “Ilocos Region” or Region I)

(12)  The State of MIMAROPA (Annotation: Formerly named as the “MIMAROPA” or Region IV-B)

(13)  The State of Metropolitan Manila (Annotation: Formerly named as the “National Capital Region” or NCR)

(14)  The State of Northern Mindanao (Annotation: Formerly named as the “Northern Mindanao” or Region X)

(15)  The State of SOCCSKSARGEN (Annotation: Formerly named as the “SOCCSKSARGEN” or Region XII)

(16)  The State of Western Visayas (Annotation: Formerly named as the “Western Visayas” or Region VI)

(17)  The State of Zamboanga Peninsula (Annotation: Formerly named as the “Zamboanga Peninsula” or Region IX)

Section 2. The State consists of provinces, cities, municipalities, and barangays, and some areas share common and distinctive historical and cultural heritage, economic and social structures, and other relevant characteristics within the framework of this Constitution and the national sovereignty as well as territorial integrity of the Federal Republic of the Luzviminda.

Section 3. The Federal Executive Council shall exercise general supervision over States to ensure that laws are faithfully executed.

Section 4. All powers, functions, and responsibilities not granted by this Constitution or by law to the Federation shall be vested in the Federal Government, except the powers, functions, and responsibilities reserved to the State Governments.

Section 5. The Congress shall enact an organic act for each State with the assistance and participation of the State consultative commission composed of representatives appointed by the Federal Executive Council from a list of nominees from multi-sectoral bodies. The organic act shall define the basic structure of government for the State consisting of the State Executive Council, State Legislative Assembly, and State Supreme Court. The organic acts shall likewise provide for the lower courts with personal, family, and property law jurisdiction consistent with the provisions of this Constitution and Federal Laws.

Section 6. The State Government shall have the jurisdiction over the matters involving its territory except from the matters reserved for the Federal Government. The State Government shall have jurisdiction over the following:

(1)    public works and highways of the territory;

(2)    energy of the territory;

(3)    social welfare and development;

(4)    taxation for the taxable things that are not yet taxed by the Federal Government;

(5)    creation of sources of revenue;

(6)    allocation of the funds received from the Federal Government;

(7)    settling conflicts inside the State;

(8)    giving final decisions over the criminal and civil cases regarding its constituents;

(9)    deciding on cases regarding its officials and employees;

(10)  Administrative organization;

(11)  Creation of sources of revenue;

(12)  Ancestral domain and natural resources;

(13)  Personal, family, and property relations;

(14)  Regional urban and rural planning development;

(15)  Economic, social, and tourism development;

(16)  Educational policies;

(17)  Preservation and development of the cultural heritage;

(18)  _________________________________________________________.; and

(19)  Such other matters as may be authorized by law for the promotion of the general welfare of the people of the region.

---------------------------------------- Annotation --------------------------------------------

Annotation:

It is necessary to reserve the jurisdiction over the military and police to the Federal Government to maintain the strong unity inside the Federation. There may be chaos and even civil war if the military and police are in different factions that are controlled by different States.

----------------------------------------- Annotation --------------------------------------------

Section 7. The State shall adopt the principle of cooperative federalism. Any action or law made by the State Government that does not conform with the Federal Law shall be invalidated. Preemption decisions shall be received from and enforced by the Federal Supreme Court.

------------------------------------------- Annotation -----------------------------------------------

Annotation:

Cooperative Federalism can maintain a strong unity. Dual Federalism wherein the Federal Government cannot invalidate an oppressive or harmful law created by the State Legislature can destroy the whole federation, may create chaos, and even cause civil war or downfall. The worst is Confederation in which the State is given all of the powers and this can cause civil war.

----------------------------------------- Annotation -------------------------------------------------

Section 8. In accordance with the principle of cooperative federalism, the State shall promote cooperation with other States.

Section 9. The State shall have jurisdiction over the allocation of funds received from the Federal Government and the funds from internal revenue collected in accordance with the Federal Law.

Section 10. There shall be no double taxation. The State shall only collect taxes from the taxable things that are not yet taxed or those that are reserved to the Federal Government in accordance with the principle of cooperative federalism.

Section 11. The State shall support and protect the Government-Owned Corporations of the Federal Government.

Section 12. Whenever there is economic sufficiency as brought by the Government-Owned Corporations, the State shall observe the proper implementation of free education in public schools in kinder or pre-school, elementary, high school, and college with a limit of two semester extension or delay and a limit of only one course; with free tuition and miscellaneous or utilities, free feeding in school, free transportation through school buses or mini-buses, and free school uniforms.

Section 13. Whenever the position of a Senator or Federal Executive is vacated, a State may conduct special election to fill the vacant Senatorial or Federal Executive position.

Section 14. The preservation of peace and order within the regions shall be the responsibility of the local police agencies who became members of the Armed Forces of Luzviminda which shall be organized, maintained, supervised, and utilized in accordance with applicable laws. The defense and security of the regions shall be the responsibility of the Federal Government.

Section 15. _______________________________

ARTICLE XI

THE STATE LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT

Section 1. The legislative power of the State Government shall be vested in the State Legislative Assembly, except to the extent reserved to the people by the provision on initiative and referendum, in which the people can directly propose laws or propose the rejection of any act or law or part thereof passed by any Assembly but shall not be allowed to vote for a bill to become a law except in the ratification of a Constitution.

-------------------------------------- Annotation ----------------------------------------------

Annotation:

There is a great danger of allowing direct democracy in making laws other than the ratification of the Constitution that is drafted and debated by experts because the decision in direct democracy is based on number but not on intellectual deliberation since many of the voters in direct democracy have no expertise about the subject. This is like allowing the unlicensed majority to pilot an extra-large jumbo jet, making the great danger of catastrophe because of lack of expertise. If direct democracy will be allowed in making laws other than the ratification of a Constitution, many bad things may be legalized like dangerous drugs, prostitution, live sex show, video and printed pornography, and many others.

In this Cooperative Federalism Constitution, quality control is maintained because the Federal Government has the power to invalidate a law, under the principle of preemption, if it does not conform to the Federal Law especially the Constitution. There is a necessity for quality control in making laws because it maintains the strong unity inside the Federation and it boosts improvement of the country. The act of allowing ill-considered laws can cause chaos, harm on citizens, suppression of economic development, and even civil war.

------------------------------------------ Annotation ------------------------------------------

Section 2. (1) The State Legislative Assembly shall be composed of Assemblymen. The Assemblymen, except the Chairman and the Vice-Chairman, shall be elected from each of the Provinces or other equivalent subdivision inside the State, with one Assemblyman per Province or subdivision ratio, who shall be elected by the qualified voters of the Province or equivalent subdivision where they are representing, as may be provided by law.

------------------------------------ Annotation ------------------------------------------------

Annotation:

The CPA-Lawyers who will finalize the new Cooperative-Federalism Constitution shall make adjustments in the number of positions as well as the amount of salaries if it is necessary to compensate for the scarcity of funds; and they may also postpone the application of the new positions even many years after the ratification of the new Cooperative-Federalism Constitution depending on the calculations vis-à-vis the projected income from the Government-Owned Corporations (GOCs) that shall be prioritized after the CFNTP has taken full control of the Government and as well as the other sources of funds of the Government.

-------------------------------------- Annotation ----------------------------------------------

(2) There shall be a Chairman to preside in the State Legislative Assembly. The Chairman shall not be allowed to vote; but only allowed to vote if there is a tie. There shall be a Vice-Chairman who shall take the duties of the Speaker if he is unable to perform his duty. The Chairman and the Vice-Chairman shall be elected by direct vote of the people in the entire State where they will serve.

The Vice-Chairman may be appointed as a Member of any State Legislative Assembly Committee.

------------------------------------ Annotation ------------------------------------------------

Annotation:

                This form of state legislative body is adopted from the Roman Law before the reign of Caesar before the Triumvirate when there was a time of peace inside the Roman government since no single leader in the Republic could grab a greater power than the other leaders; it was the time when the governmental powers in Rome (around Vatican today) were distributed equally, or more or less equally, among the leaders and created a reign of peace. The Roman Republic finally collapsed when the Roman military general Caesar took power by force and concentrated enormous powers into himself. The enormous concentration of power into one person can be seen in the government established by the United States Of America after gaining independence from the Kingdom Of Great Britain that has a President who has the great Executive Powers and great powers on the Armed Forces. This form of government was adopted for the whole archipelago composed of Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao by the selected delegates in the country when they drafted the 1987 Constitution, which was ratified and is still used today.         

                In the legislative body in the State level, it may be enough to have one representative for every Province or equivalent subdivision.

-------------------------------------- Annotation ----------------------------------------------

(2) No person shall be a Chairman or Vice-Chairman unless he is a natural-born citizen of the Luzviminda and, on the day of the election, is at least twenty-five years of age, able to read and write, a registered voter, and a resident of the State where he will serve for not less than two years immediately preceding the day of the election.

------------------------------------ Annotation ------------------------------------------------

Annotation:

The presence of a presiding officer who is not allowed to vote but only allowed to vote if there is a tie avoids the stopping or inefficiency in operation of a governmental body.

-------------------------------------- Annotation ----------------------------------------------

Section 3. No person shall be an Assemblyman, except the Chairman and the Vice-Chairman, unless he is a natural-born citizen of the Luzviminda and, on the day of the election, is at least twenty-five years of age, able to read and write, a registered voter, and a resident of his Province or represented subdivision for not less than two years immediately preceding the day of the election.

Section 4. The term of office of the Assemblymen shall be three years and shall commence, unless otherwise provided by law, at noon on the thirtieth day of June next following their election. No Assemblyman shall serve for more than three consecutive terms. Voluntary renunciation of the office for any length of time shall not be considered as an interruption in the continuity of his service for the full term of which he was elected.

Section 5. Unless otherwise provided by law, the regular election of the Assemblymen shall be held on the second Monday of May.

Section 9. In case of vacancy in the State Legislative Assembly, a special election may be called to fill such vacancy in the manner prescribed by law, but the Assemblyman thus elected shall serve only for the unexpired term.

Section 10. The salaries of Assemblymen shall be determined by law. No increase in said compensation shall take effect until after the expiration of the full term of all the Assemblymen approving such increase.

Section 11. An Assemblyman shall, in all offenses punishable by not more than six years imprisonment, be privileged from arrest while the State Legislative Assembly is in session. No Member shall be questioned nor be held liable in any other place for any speech or debate in the State Legislative Assembly.

Section 12. All Members of the State Legislative Assembly shall, upon assumption of office, make a full disclosure of their financial and business interests. They shall notify the House concerned of a potential conflict of interest that may arise from the filing of a proposed legislation of which they are authors.

Section 13. No Assemblyman may hold any other public office or employment in the Federation, or any subdivision, agency, or instrumentality thereof, including government-owned or controlled corporations or their subsidiaries, during his term without forfeiting his seat. Neither shall he be appointed to any office which may have been created or the emoluments thereof increased during the term for which he was elected.

Section 14. No Assemblyman may personally appear as counsel before any court of justice or quasi-judicial and other administrative bodies. Neither shall he, directly or indirectly, be interested financially in any contract with, or in any franchise or special privilege granted by the Federation, or any subdivision, agency, or instrumentality thereof, including any government-owned or controlled corporation, or its subsidiary, during his term of office. He shall not intervene in any matter before any office of the Federation for his pecuniary benefit or where he may be called upon to act on account of his office.

Section 15. The State Legislative Assembly shall convene once every year on the fourth Monday of July for its regular session, unless a different date is fixed by law, and shall continue to be in session for such number of days as it may determine until thirty days before the opening of its next regular session, exclusive of Saturdays, Sundays, and legal holidays. The State Executive Council may call a special session at any time.

Section 16. In case of death, permanent disability, removal from office, or resignation of the Chairman, the Vice-Chairman shall become the Chairman to serve the unexpired term. In case of death, permanent disability, removal from office, or resignation of both the Chairman and Vice-Chairman, the Members of the State Legislative Assembly shall elect a temporary Chairman until the Chairman or Vice-Chairman shall have been elected and qualified.

Section 17. The State Legislative Assembly combined with three State Supreme Court Justices shall act as an Electoral Tribunal, which shall be the sole judge of all contests relating to the election, returns, and qualifications of their respective Members. The senior Justice in the formed Electoral Tribunal shall be its Presiding Officer.

Section 18. The State Legislative Assembly shall make the appointments. The State Legislative Assembly shall act on all appointments submitted to it within thirty session days of the State Legislative Assembly from their submission. The State Legislative Assembly shall rule by a majority vote of all the Members.

Section 19. The records and books of accounts of the State Legislative Assembly shall be preserved and be open to the public in accordance with law, and such books shall be audited by the Commission on Audit which shall publish annually an itemized list of amounts paid to and expenses incurred for each Member.

Section 21. The State Legislative Assembly or any of its respective committees may conduct inquiries in aid of legislation in accordance with its duly published rules of procedure. The rights of persons appearing in, or affected by, such inquiries shall be respected.

Section 22. All State appropriation, State revenues, bills of local application inside the State, and private bills inside the State, shall originate exclusively in the State Legislative Assembly.

Section 25. (1) The State Legislative Assembly may not increase the appropriations recommended by the State Executive Council for the operation of the State Government as specified in the budget. The form, content, and manner of preparation of the budget shall be prescribed by law.

(2) No provision or enactment shall be embraced in the general appropriations bill unless it relates specifically to some particular appropriation therein. Any such provision or enactment shall be limited in its operation to the appropriation to which it relates.

(3) The procedure in approving appropriations for the State Legislative Assembly shall strictly follow the procedure for approving appropriations for other departments and agencies.

(4) A special appropriations bill shall specify the purpose for which it is intended, and shall be supported by funds actually available as certified by the State Treasurer, or to be raised by a corresponding revenue proposal therein.

(5) No law shall be passed authorizing any transfer of appropriations; however, the State Executive Council, the State Legislative Assembly, the Chief Justice of the State Supreme Court, and the heads of Constitutional Commissions may, by law, be authorized to augment any item in the general appropriations law for their respective offices from savings in other items of their respective appropriations.

(6) Discretionary funds appropriated for particular officials shall be disbursed only for public purposes to be supported by appropriate vouchers and subject to such guidelines as may be prescribed by law.

(7) If, by the end of any fiscal year, the State Legislative Assembly shall have failed to pass the general appropriations bill for the ensuing fiscal year, the general appropriations law for the preceding fiscal year shall be deemed re-enacted and shall remain in force and effect until the general appropriations bill is passed by the State Legislative Assembly.

Section 26. (1) Every bill passed by the State Legislative Assembly shall embrace only one subject which shall be expressed in the title thereof.

(2) No bill passed by the State Legislative Assembly become a law unless it has passed three readings on separate days, and printed copies thereof in its final form have been distributed to its Members three days before its passage, except when the State Executive Council certifies to the necessity of its immediate enactment to meet a public calamity or emergency. Upon the last reading of a bill, no amendment thereto shall be allowed, and the vote thereon shall be taken immediately thereafter, and the yeas and nays entered in the Journal.

Section 27. (1) Every bill passed by the State Legislative Assembly shall, before it becomes a law, be presented to the State Executive Council. If it is approved the same it shall be signed by the State Executive Council through the Premier; otherwise, the State Executive Council shall veto it and return the same with his objections, which shall enter the objections at large in its Journal and proceed to reconsider it. If, after such reconsideration, two-thirds of all the Members of the State Legislative Assembly shall agree to pass the bill, it shall become a law. In all such cases, the votes of the State Legislative Assembly shall be determined by yeas or nays, and the names of the Members voting for or against shall be entered in its Journal. The State Executive Council shall communicate, through its Premier, its veto of any bill to the State Legislative Assembly within thirty days after the date of receipt thereof, otherwise, it shall become a law as if it had been signed by the Premier.

(2) The State Executive Council shall have the power to veto any particular item or items in an appropriation and revenue, but the veto shall not affect the item or items to which he does not object.

Section 28. (1) The rule of taxation shall be uniform and equitable. The State Legislative Assembly shall evolve a progressive system of taxation.

(2) Charitable institutions, churches and personages or convents appurtenant thereto, mosques, non-profit cemeteries, and all lands, buildings, and improvements, actually, directly, and exclusively used for religious, charitable, or educational purposes shall be exempt from taxation.

(3) No law granting any tax exemption shall be passed without the concurrence of a majority of all the Members of the State Executive Council.

Section 29. (1) No money shall be paid out of the Treasury except in pursuance of an appropriation made by law.

(2) No public money or property shall be appropriated, applied, paid, or employed, directly or indirectly, for the use, benefit, or support of any sect, church, denomination, sectarian institution, or system of religion, or of any priest, preacher, minister, other religious teacher, or dignitary as such, except when such priest, preacher, minister, or dignitary is assigned to the armed forces, or to any penal institution, or government orphanage or leprosarium.

(3) All money collected on any tax levied for a special purpose shall be treated as a special fund and paid out for such purpose only. If the purpose for which a special fund was created has been fulfilled or abandoned, the balance, if any, shall be transferred to the general funds of the Government.

Section 30. No law shall be passed increasing the appellate jurisdiction of the State Supreme Court as provided in this Constitution without its advice and concurrence.

Section 31. No law granting a title of royalty or nobility shall be enacted.

Section 32. The State Legislative Assembly shall, as early as possible, provide for a system of initiative and referendum, and the exceptions therefrom, whereby the people can directly propose laws or propose the rejection of any act or law or part thereof passed by the State Legislative Assembly or lower legislative body after the registration of a petition therefor signed by at least ten per centum of the total number of registered voters, of which every legislative district must be represented by at least three per centum of the registered voters thereof.

ARTICLE XII

THE STATE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT

Section 1. The executive power of the State Government shall be vested in the State Executive Council.

Section 2. (1) The State Executive Council shall be composed of State Executives. The State Executives, except the Premier and the Deputy Premier, shall be elected from each of the Provinces or other equivalent subdivision inside the State, with one State Executive per Province or subdivision ratio, who shall be elected by the qualified voters of the Province or equivalent subdivision where they are representing, as may be provided by law.

------------------------------------ Annotation ------------------------------------------------

Annotation:

The CPA-Lawyers who will finalize the new Cooperative-Federalism Constitution shall make adjustments in the number of positions as well as the amount of salaries if it is necessary to compensate for the scarcity of funds; and they may also postpone the application of the new positions even many years after the ratification of the new Cooperative-Federalism Constitution depending on the calculations vis-à-vis the projected income from the Government-Owned Corporations (GOCs) that shall be prioritized after the CFNTP has taken full control of the Government and as well as the other sources of funds of the Government.

-------------------------------------- Annotation ----------------------------------------------

 (2) There shall be a Premier to preside in the State Executive Council. The Premier shall not be allowed to vote; but only allowed to vote if there is a tie. There shall be a Deputy Premier who shall take the duties of the Premier if he is unable to perform his duty. The Premier and the Deputy Premier shall be elected by direct vote of the people in the entire State where they will serve.

The Deputy Premier may be appointed as a Member of any State Executive Assembly Committee. Such appointment requires no confirmation.

-------------------------------------- Annotation ----------------------------------------------

Annotation:

                This form of state executive body is adopted from the Roman Law before the reign of Caesar before the Triumvirate when there was a time of peace inside the Roman government since no single leader in the Republic could grab a greater power than the other leaders; it was the time when the governmental powers in Rome (around Vatican today) were distributed equally, or more or less equally, among the leaders and created a reign of peace. The Roman Republic finally collapsed when the Roman military general Caesar took power by force and concentrated enormous powers into himself. The enormous concentration of power into one person can be seen in the government established by the United States Of America after gaining independence from the Kingdom Of Great Britain that has a President who has the great Executive Powers and great powers on the Armed Forces. This form of government was adopted for the whole archipelago composed of Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao by the selected delegates in the country when they drafted the 1987 Constitution, which was ratified and is still used today.         

                In the executive body in the State level, it may be enough to have one representative for every Province or equivalent subdivision.

------------------------------------ Annotation ------------------------------------------------

(2) No person shall be a Premier or Deputy Premier unless he is a natural-born citizen of the Luzviminda and, on the day of the election, is at least twenty-five years of age, able to read and write, a registered voter, and a resident of the State where he will serve for not less than two years immediately preceding the day of the election.

------------------------------------ Annotation ------------------------------------------------

Annotation:

The presence of a presiding officer who is not allowed to vote but only allowed to vote if there is a tie avoids the stopping or inefficiency in operation of a governmental body.

-------------------------------------- Annotation ----------------------------------------------

Section 3. No person shall be an State Executive, except the Premier and the Deputy Premier, unless he is a natural-born citizen of the Luzviminda and, on the day of the election, is at least twenty-five years of age, able to read and write, a registered voter, and a resident of his Province or other equivalent subdivision for not less than two years immediately preceding the day of the election.

Section 4. The term of office of the State Executives shall be three years and shall commence, unless otherwise provided by law, at noon on the thirtieth day of June next following their election. No State Executive shall serve for more than three consecutive terms. Voluntary renunciation of the office for any length of time shall not be considered as an interruption in the continuity of his service for the full term of which he was elected.

Section 5. Unless otherwise provided by law, the regular election of the State Executives shall be held on the second Monday of May.

Section 9. In case of vacancy in the State Executive Council, a special election may be called to fill such vacancy in the manner prescribed by law, but the State Executive thus elected shall serve only for the unexpired term.

Section 10. The salaries of State Executives shall be determined by law. No increase in said compensation shall take effect until after the expiration of the full term of all the State Executives approving such increase.

Section 11. An State Executive shall, in all offenses punishable by not more than six years imprisonment, be privileged from arrest while the State Executive Council is in session. No Member shall be questioned nor be held liable in any other place for any speech or debate in the State Executive Council.

Section 12. All Members of the State Executive Council shall, upon assumption of office, make a full disclosure of their financial and business interests. They shall notify the House concerned of a potential conflict of interest that may arise from the filing of a proposed legislation of which they are authors.

Section 13. No State Executive may hold any other public office or employment in the Federation, or any subdivision, agency, or instrumentality thereof, including government-owned or controlled corporations or their subsidiaries, during his term without forfeiting his seat. Neither shall he be appointed to any office which may have been created nor the emoluments thereof increased during the term for which he was elected.

Section 14. No State Executive may personally appear as counsel before any court of justice or quasi-judicial and other administrative bodies. Neither shall he, directly or indirectly, be interested financially in any contract with, or in any franchise or special privilege granted by the Federation, or any subdivision, agency, or instrumentality thereof, including any government-owned or controlled corporation, or its subsidiary, during his term of office. He shall not intervene in any matter before any office of the Federation for his pecuniary benefit or where he may be called upon to act on account of his office.

Section 15. The State Executive Council shall convene once every year on the fourth Monday of July for its regular session, unless a different date is fixed by law, and shall continue to be in session for such number of days as it may determine until thirty days before the opening of its next regular session, exclusive of Saturdays, Sundays, and legal holidays. The Premier may call a special session of the State Executive Council at any time.

Section 16. In case of death, permanent disability, removal from office, or resignation of the Premier, the Deputy Premier shall become the Premier to serve the unexpired term. In case of death, permanent disability, removal from office, or resignation of both the Premier and Deputy Premier, the Members of the State Legislative Assembly shall elect a temporary Premier until the Premier or Deputy Premier shall have been elected and qualified.

Section 17. The State Executive Council shall have control of all the executive departments, bureaus, and offices within the State except from the jurisdictions reserved to the Federal Government. He shall ensure that the laws be faithfully executed.

Section 18. The State Executive Council shall submit to the State Legislative Assembly, within thirty days from the opening of every regular session as the basis of the general appropriations bill of the State, a budget of expenditures and sources of financing of the State, including receipts from existing and proposed revenue measures of the State.

ARTICLE XIII

THE STATE JUDICIAL DEPARTMENT

Section 1. The judicial power of the State Government shall be vested in one State Supreme Court and in such lower courts as may be established by law.

Judicial power includes the duty of the courts of justice to settle actual controversies involving rights which are legally demandable and enforceable, and to determine whether or not there has been a grave abuse of discretion amounting to lack or excess of jurisdiction on the part of any branch or instrumentality of the State Government.

Section 2. The Congress shall have the power to define, prescribe, and apportion the jurisdiction of the various courts but may not deprive the State Supreme Court of its jurisdiction over cases enumerated in Section 5 hereof.

No law shall be passed reorganizing the Judiciary when it undermines the security of tenure of its Members.

Section 3. The Judiciary shall enjoy fiscal autonomy. Appropriations for the Judiciary may not be reduced by the legislature below the amount appropriated for the previous year and, after approval, shall be automatically and regularly released.

Section 4. (1) The State Supreme Court shall be composed of a Chief Justice and six Associate Justices. It may sit en banc or in its discretion, in division of three Members. Any vacancy shall be filled within ninety days from the occurrence thereof.

------------------------------------ Annotation ------------------------------------------------

Annotation:

The CPA-Lawyers who will finalize the new Cooperative-Federalism Constitution shall make adjustments in the number of positions as well as the amount of salaries if it is necessary to compensate for the scarcity of funds; and they may also postpone the application of the new positions even many years after the ratification of the new Cooperative-Federalism Constitution depending on the calculations vis-à-vis the projected income from the Government-Owned Corporations (GOCs) that shall be prioritized after the CFNTP has taken full control of the Government and as well as the other sources of funds of the Government.

-------------------------------------- Annotation ----------------------------------------------

(2) All cases involving the application or operation of instructions, ordinances, and other regulations by the State Executive Council, shall be decided with the concurrence of a majority of the Members who actually took part in the deliberations on the issues in the case and voted thereon.

(3) Cases or matters heard by a division shall be decided or resolved with the concurrence of a majority of the Members who actually took part in the deliberations on the issues in the case and voted thereon, and in no case without the concurrence of at least three of such Members. When the required number is not obtained, the case shall be decided en banc: Provided, that no doctrine or principle of law laid down by the court in a decision rendered en banc or in division may be modified or reversed except by the court sitting en banc.

Section 5. The State Supreme Court shall have the following powers:

1) Exercise original jurisdiction over cases affecting State ministers, and over petitions for certiorari, prohibition, mandamus, quo warranto, and habeas corpus.

(2) Review, revise, reverse, modify, or affirm on appeal or certiorari, as the law or the Rules of Court may provide, final judgments and orders of lower courts in:

 (a) All cases within the State involving the legality of any tax, impost, assessment, or toll, or any penalty imposed in relation thereto.

(b) All cases within the State in which the jurisdiction of any lower court is in issue.

(c) All criminal cases within the State in which the penalty imposed is reclusion perpetua or higher.

(e) All cases within the State in which only an error or question of law is involved.

(3) Assign temporarily judges of lower State courts to other stations as public interest may require. Such temporary assignment shall not exceed six months without the consent of the judge concerned.

(4) Order a change of venue or place of trial to avoid a miscarriage of justice.

(5) Promulgate rules concerning the protection and enforcement of constitutional rights, pleading, practice, and procedure in all State courts and legal assistance to the under-privileged. Such rules shall provide a simplified and inexpensive procedure for the speedy disposition of cases, shall be uniform for all courts of the same grade, and shall not diminish, increase, or modify substantive rights. Rules of procedure of special courts and quasi-judicial bodies shall remain effective unless disapproved by the State Supreme Court.

(6) Appoint all officials and employees of the State Judiciary in accordance with the Civil Service Law.

Section 6. The State Supreme Court shall have administrative supervision over all courts and the personnel thereof.

Section 7. (1) No person shall be appointed Member of the State Supreme Court or any lower collegiate court unless he is a natural-born citizen of the Luzviminda. A Member of the State Supreme Court must be at least forty years of age, and must have been for fifteen years or more, a judge of a lower court or engaged in the practice of law in the Luzviminda.

(2) The Congress shall prescribe the qualifications of judges of lower courts in all States, but no person may be appointed judge thereof unless he is a citizen of the Luzviminda and a member of the Luzviminda Bar.

(3) A Member of the State Judiciary must be a person of proven competence, integrity, probity, and independence.

Section 8. The Clerk of the State Supreme Court shall keep a record of its proceedings.

Section 9. The Members of the State Supreme Court and judges of the lower State courts shall be appointed by the State Executive Council from a list of at least three nominees prepared by the State Supreme Court for every vacancy. Such appointments need no confirmation.

For the lower State courts, the State Executive Council shall issue the appointments within ninety days from the submission of the list.

Section 10. The salary of the Chief Justice of the State Supreme Court and of the Associate Justices of the State Supreme Court, and of judges of lower State courts, shall be fixed by law. During their continuance in office, their salary shall not be decreased.

Section 11. The Members of the State Supreme Court and judges of lower State courts shall hold office during good behavior until they reach the age of seventy years or become incapacitated to discharge the duties of their office. The State Supreme Court en banc shall have the power to discipline judges of lower State courts, or order their dismissal by a vote of a majority of the Members who actually took part in the deliberations on the issues in the case and voted thereon.

Section 12. The Members of the State Supreme Court and of other courts established by law shall not be designated to any agency performing quasi-judicial or administrative functions.

Section 13. The conclusions of the State Supreme Court in any case submitted to it for decision en banc or in division shall be reached in consultation before the case is assigned to a Member for the writing of the opinion of the Court. A certification to this effect signed by the Chief Justice of the State Supreme Court shall be issued and a copy thereof attached to the record of the case and served upon the parties. Any Members who took no part, or dissented, or abstained from a decision or resolution, must state the reason therefor. The same requirements shall be observed by all lower collegiate courts.

Section 14. No decision shall be rendered by any court without expressing therein clearly and distinctly the facts and the law on which it is based.

No petition for review or motion for reconsideration of a decision of the court shall be refused due course or denied without stating the legal basis therefor.

Section 15. (1) All cases or matters filed after the effectivity of this Constitution must be decided or resolved within twenty-four months from date of submission for the State Supreme Court, and, unless reduced by the State Supreme Court, twelve months for all lower collegiate courts, and three months for all other lower courts.

(2) A case or matter shall be deemed submitted for decision or resolution upon the filing of the last pleading, brief, or memorandum required by the Rules of Court or by the court itself.

(3) Upon the expiration of the corresponding period, a certification to this effect signed by the Chief Justice of the State Supreme Court or the presiding judge shall forthwith be issued and a copy thereof attached to the record of the case or matter, and served upon the parties. The certification shall state why a decision or resolution has not been rendered or issued within said period.

(4) Despite the expiration of the applicable mandatory period, the court, without prejudice to such responsibility as may have been incurred in consequence thereof, shall decide or resolve the case or matter submitted thereto for determination, without further delay.

Section 16. The State Supreme Court shall, within thirty days from the opening of each regular session of the State Legislative Assembly, submit to the Speaker of the State Legislative Assembly an annual report on the operations and activities of the State Judiciary.

ARTICLE XIV

A. COMMON PROVISIONS

Section 1. The Constitutional Commissions, which shall be independent, are the Civil Service Commission, the Commission on Elections, and the Commission on Audit.

Section 2. No member of a Constitutional Commission shall, during his tenure, hold any other office or employment. Neither shall he engage in the practice of any profession or in the active management or control of any business which, in any way, may be affected by the functions of his office, nor shall he be financially interested, directly or indirectly, in any contract with, or in any franchise or privilege granted by the Federal or State Government, any of its subdivisions, agencies, or instrumentalities, including government-owned or controlled corporations or their subsidiaries.

Section. 3. The salary of the Chairman and the Commissioners shall be fixed by law and shall not be decreased during their tenure.

Section 4. The Constitutional Commissions shall appoint their officials and employees in accordance with law.

Section 5. The Commission shall enjoy fiscal autonomy. Their approved annual appropriations shall be automatically and regularly released.

Section 6. Each Commission en banc may promulgate its own rules concerning pleadings and practice before it or before any of its offices. Such rules, however, shall not diminish, increase, or modify substantive rights.

Section 7. Each Commission shall decide by a majority vote of all its Members, any case or matter brought before it within sixty days from the date of its submission for decision or resolution. A case or matter is deemed submitted for decision or resolution upon the filing of the last pleading, brief, or memorandum required by the rules of the Commission or by the Commission itself. Unless otherwise provided by this Constitution or by law, any decision, order, or ruling of each Commission may be brought to the Federal Supreme Court on certiorari by the aggrieved party within thirty days from receipt of a copy thereof.

Section 8. Each Commission shall perform such other functions as may be provided by law.

B. THE CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION

Section 1. (1) The civil service shall be administered by the Civil Service Commission composed of a Chairman and two Commissioners who shall be natural-born citizens of the Luzviminda and, at the time of their appointment, at least thirty-five years of age, with proven capacity for public administration, and must not have been candidates for any elective position in the elections immediately preceding their appointment.

(2) The Chairman and the Commissioners shall be appointed by the Federal Executive Council with the consent of the Commission on Appointments for a term of seven years without reappointment. Of those first appointed, the Chairman shall hold office for seven years, a Commissioner for five years, and another Commissioner for three years, without reappointment. Appointment to any vacancy shall be only for the unexpired term of the predecessor. In no case shall any Member be appointed or designated in a temporary or acting capacity.

Section 2. (1) The civil service embraces all branches, subdivisions, instrumentalities, and agencies of the Federal and State Governments, including government-owned or controlled corporations with original charters.

(2) Appointments in the civil service shall be made only according to merit and fitness to be determined, as far as practicable, and, except to positions which are policy-determining, primarily confidential, or highly technical, by competitive examination.

(3) No officer or employee of the civil service shall be removed or suspended except for cause provided by law.

(4) No officer or employee in the civil service shall engage, directly or indirectly, in any electioneering or partisan political campaign.

(5) The right to self-organization shall not be denied to government employees.

(6) Temporary employees of the Federal or State Government shall be given such protection as may be provided by law.

Section 3. The Civil Service Commission, as the central personnel agency of the Federal and State Governments, shall establish a career service and adopt measures to promote morale, efficiency, integrity, responsiveness, progressiveness, and courtesy in the civil service. It shall strengthen the merit and rewards system, integrate all human resources development programs for all levels and ranks, and institutionalize a management climate conducive to public accountability. It shall submit to the Federal Executive Council and the Congress an annual report on its personnel programs.

Section 4. All public officers and employees shall take an oath or affirmation to uphold and defend this Constitution.

Section 5. The Congress shall provide for the standardization of compensation of government officials and employees, including those in government-owned or controlled corporations with original charters, taking into account the nature of the responsibilities pertaining to, and the qualifications required for, their positions.

Section 6. No candidate who has lost in any election shall, within one year after such election, be appointed to any office in the Government or any Government-owned or controlled corporations or in any of their subsidiaries.

Section 7. No elective official shall be eligible for appointment or designation in any capacity to any public office or position during his tenure.

Unless otherwise allowed by law or by the primary functions of his position, no appointive official shall hold any other office or employment in the Federal or State Government or any subdivision, agency or instrumentality thereof, including Government-owned or controlled corporations or their subsidiaries.

Section 8. No elective or appointive public officer or employee shall receive additional, double, or indirect compensation, unless specifically authorized by law, nor accept without the consent of the Congress, any present, emolument, office, or title of any kind from any foreign government.

Pensions or gratuities shall not be considered as additional, double, or indirect compensation.

C. THE COMMISSION ON ELECTIONS

Section 1. (1) There shall be a Commission on Elections composed of a Chairman and six Commissioners who shall be natural-born citizens of the Luzviminda and, at the time of their appointment, at least thirty-five years of age, holders of a college degree, and must not have been candidates for any elective positions in the immediately preceding elections. However, a majority thereof, including the Chairman, shall be members of the Luzvimindan Bar who have been engaged in the practice of law for at least ten years.

(2) The Chairman and the Commissioners shall be appointed by the Federal Executive Council with the consent of the Commission on Appointments for a term of seven years without reappointment. Of those first appointed, three Members shall hold office for seven years, two Members for five years, and the last Members for three years, without reappointment. Appointment to any vacancy shall be only for the unexpired term of the predecessor. In no case shall any Member be appointed or designated in a temporary or acting capacity.

Sec. 2. The Commission on Elections shall exercise the following powers and functions:

(1) Enforce and administer all laws and regulations relative to the conduct of an election, plebiscite, initiative, referendum, and recall.

(2) Exercise exclusive original jurisdiction over all contests relating to the elections, returns, and qualifications of all elective regional, provincial, and city officials, and appellate jurisdiction over all contests involving elective municipal officials decided by trial courts of general jurisdiction, or involving elective barangay officials decided by trial courts of limited jurisdiction.

Decisions, final orders, or rulings of the Commission on election contests involving elective municipal and barangay offices shall be final, executory, and not appealable.

(3) Decide, except those involving the right to vote, all questions affecting elections, including determination of the number and location of polling places, appointment of election officials and inspectors, and registration of voters.

(4) Deputize, with the concurrence of the Federal Executive Council, law enforcement agencies and instrumentalities of the Federal and State Governments, including the Armed Forces of the Philippines, for the exclusive purpose of ensuring free, orderly, honest, peaceful, and credible elections.

(5) Register, after sufficient publication, political parties, organizations, or coalitions which, in addition to other requirements, must present their platform or program of government; and accredit citizens' arms of the Commission on Elections. Religious denominations and sects shall not be registered. Those which seek to achieve their goals through violence or unlawful means, or refuse to uphold and adhere to this Constitution, or which are supported by any foreign government shall likewise be refused registration.

Financial contributions from foreign governments and their agencies to political parties, organizations, coalitions, or candidates related to elections, constitute interference in national affairs, and, when accepted, shall be an additional ground for the cancellation of their registration with the Commission, in addition to other penalties that may be prescribed by law.

(6) File, upon a verified complaint, or on its own initiative, petitions in court for inclusion or exclusion of voters; investigate and, where appropriate, prosecute cases of violations of election laws, including acts or omissions constituting election frauds, offenses, and malpractices.

(7) Recommend to the Congress effective measures to minimize election spending, including limitation of places where propaganda materials shall be posted, and to prevent and penalize all forms of election frauds, offenses, malpractices, and nuisance candidacies.

(8) Recommend to the Federal Executive Council the removal of any officer or employee it has deputized, or the imposition of any other disciplinary action, for violation or disregard of, or disobedience to, its directive, order, or decision.

(9) Submit to the President and the Congress, a comprehensive report on the conduct of each election, plebiscite, initiative, referendum, or recall.

Section 3. The Commission on Elections may sit en banc or in two divisions, and shall promulgate its rules of procedure in order to expedite disposition of election cases, including pre- proclamation controversies. All such election cases shall be heard and decided in division, provided that motions for reconsideration of decisions shall be decided by the Commission en banc.

Section 4. The Commission may, during the election period, supervise or regulate the enjoyment or utilization of all franchises or permits for the operation of transportation and other public utilities, media of communication or information, all grants, special privileges, or concessions granted by the Government or any subdivision, agency, or instrumentality thereof, including any government-owned or controlled corporation or its subsidiary. Such supervision or regulation shall aim to ensure equal opportunity, and equal rates therefor, for public information campaigns and forums among candidates in connection with the objective of holding free, orderly, honest, peaceful, and credible elections.

Section 5. No pardon, amnesty, parole, or suspension of sentence for violation of election laws, rules, and regulations shall be granted by the President without the favorable recommendation of the Commission.

Section 6. A free and open party system shall be allowed to evolve according to the free choice of the people, subject to the provisions of this Article.

Section 7. No votes cast in favor of a political party, organization, or coalition shall be valid, except for those registered under the party-list system as provided in this Constitution.

Section 8. Political parties, or organizations or coalitions registered under the party-list system, shall not be represented in the voters' registration boards, boards of election inspectors, boards of canvassers, or other similar bodies. However, they shall be entitled to appoint poll watchers in accordance with law.

Section 9. Unless otherwise fixed by the Commission in special cases, the election period shall commence ninety days before the day of election and shall end thirty days thereafter.

Section 10. Bona fide candidates for any public office shall be free from any form of harassment and discrimination.

Section 11. Funds certified by the Commission as necessary to defray the expenses for holding regular and special elections, plebiscites, initiatives, referenda, and recalls, shall be provided in the regular or special appropriations and, once approved, shall be released automatically upon certification by the Chairman of the Commission.

D. THE COMMISSION ON AUDIT